السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
Dear brothers and sisters,The two organs which often create problems for a man or a woman are his or her tongue and sexual
organs.Our Prophet Muhammad swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam
assures us Jannah/Paradise in
the Hereafter if we are able to protect these two boneless organs from sins.
Sahih al-Bukhari 6474
with Fath'hul Bari English
صحيح البخاري مع فتح الباري
كتاب الرقاق
To make the Heart Tender (Ar-Riqaq)
باب حِفْظِ اللِّسَانِ
Chapter: To protect one's tongue
وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ
خَيْرًا، أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ». وَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {مَا يَلْفِظُ
مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلاَّ لَدَيْهِ
رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ
Here Imam Bukhari starts this Babu with a
segment of an important Hadith and a verse from Surah Qaf – verse18.
The full Hadith and the concerned verse is given below
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله
صلى الله عليه
وسلم قال: من كان يؤمن بالله
واليوم الآخر فليقل خيراً أو ليصمت، ومن كان يؤمن
بالله
واليوم الآخر فليكرم جاره، ومن كان
يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر فليكرم ضيفه
Aboo Huraira radiyallahu anhu
narrates:Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi
wa sallam said:Whoever believes
in Allah and the Last Day should
say what is good or should keep
silent;and whoever believes
in Allah and the Last Day should
respect his
neighbour and whoever believes
in Allah and the Last Day should
respect his guest.
Now we'll see verse 18 of Surah Qaf,
مَا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ
Man does not utter any word except that with him is Raqeebu
and A'theedu prepared to record.
Now we'll see the Hadith
6474
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، سَمِعَ أَبَا حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ،
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
مَنْ يَضْمَنْ لِي مَا بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَمَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ
أَضْمَنْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ
Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d radiyallahu anhu:
Allah's Messenger swallallahu alyhi wa sallam said: "Whoever
can guarantee (the chastity of) what is
between his two jaw-bones and what is between his two legs (i.e. his tongue and his private parts), I
guarantee Paradise for him
Now we'll see the explanation of this Hadith as given in Fath'hul Bari with its Arabic text and gist in
English
قَوْلُهُ بَابُ حِفْظِ اللِّسَانِ- أَيْ عَنِ النُّطْقِ بِمَا لَا يَسُوغُ شَرْعًا
مِمَّا لَا حَاجَةَ لِلْمُتَكَلِّمِ بِهِ . وَقَدْ
أَخْرَجَ أَبُو الشَّيْخِ فِي " كِتَابِ الثَّوَابِ "
وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي " الشُّعَبِ " مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ
رَفَعَهُ أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ حِفْظُ اللِّسَانِ
Here, hifdu' llisan/keeping the tongue' means keeping it away from unwanted talks.In one Hadith of Aboo Juhaifa recorded by Baihaqi and Abu Shykh we see,The action which is the most loved by Allah is keeping the tongue away from unwanted talks.
قَوْلُهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ إِلَخْ وَقَعَ عِنْدَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ " وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ إِلَخْ " وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهُ مَوْصُولًا فِي الْبَابِ بِلَفْظِهِ
وَقَوْلُهُ وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ كَذَا لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ وَلِلْأَكْثَرِ " وَقَوْلُهُ مَا يَلْفِظُ إِلَخْ "وَلِابْنِ بَطَّالٍ " وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - مَا يَلْفِظُ الْآيَةَ " وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِتَفْسِيرِهَا فِي تَفْسِيرِ سُورَةِ ق
...................................................
وَقَالَ ابْنُ بَطَّالٍ جَاءَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّهُمَا يَكْتُبَانِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ يَكْتُبَانِ الْخَيْرَ وَالشَّرَّ فَقَطْ وَيُقَوِّي الْأَوَّلَ تَفْسِيرُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ - تَعَالَى - يَمْحُو اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ قَالَ تَكْتُبُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلَّ مَا يَتَلَفَّظُ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ ثُمَّ يُثْبِتُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا لَهُ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ وَيَمْحُو مَا عَدَا ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ هَذَا لَوْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ نَصًّا فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا
Ibnu Bathal quotes from Hasan:The two angels-Raqeebu & A'theedu record everything.Also he records from I'krima:They record virtues and vices only.But the former view-the view of Hasan- is more powerful as it is in consonance with the Thafseer of Aboo Swalih for the words of Allah,
يَمْحُو اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ
'Allah deletes what He intends and he fixes.....', in Surah Ar-Ra'adu; in whose thafsir Aboo Swalih says that angels record what all things that men utter and then Allah fixes what is for and against the doer of the actions; and He deletes what remains. I -Ibnu Hajar-say:If this one is confirmed , then it would have been a strong proof; but it is from the report of Kalbi and is very weak.
وَالرَّقِيبُ هُوَ الْحَافِظُ وَالْعَتِيدُ هُوَ الْحَاضِرُ وَوَرَدَ فِي فَضْلِ الصَّمْتِ عِدَّةُ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَخْوَفُ مَا تَخَافُ عَلَيَّ ؟ قَالَ هَذَا وَأَخَذَ بِلِسَانِهِ أَخْرَجَهُ
التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ
Raqeeb means hafidu/one who keeps/watches/observes and A'theedu means one who is present.There are many Hadiths regarding the superiority of keeping 'silence'.In one Hadith Sufyanu bnu Abdillah As-Saqafi says:Once I asked Allah's Messenger-'' Oh , Rasoolullah....''What is the most fearful thing which you fear from me?Then Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam took his tongue out and said , ''It is this one''.Imam Thirmudhi has recorded this Hadith and graded it as Hasan Sahih.
وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي الْإِيمَانِ حَدِيثُ الْمُسْلِمِ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ وَلِأَحْمَدَ وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ وَكُفَّ لِسَانَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ خَيْرٍ
We have already come across the following Hadith in Kithab ul Eeman;
الْمُسْلِمِ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ
'A Muslim is a person from whose hands and tongue other Muslims are saved.(Note :Injustice and ,attacks without valid reasons,on Non-Muslims too is prohibited as it is evident from various verses of Quran and Sunnah.But here Muslims are particularly mentioned).In another Hadith we see,
وَكُفَّ لِسَانَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ خَيْرٍ
'And you Hold your tongue except for good ends.
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا النَّجَاةُ ؟ قَالَ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ لِسَانَكَ الْحَدِيثُ أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ مَرْفُوعًا أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِمَلَاكِ الْأَمْرِ كُلِّهِ كُفَّ هَذَا وَأَشَارَ إِلَى لِسَانِهِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّا لَمُؤَاخَذُونَ بِمَا نَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ ؟ قَالَ وَهَلْ يَكُبُّ النَّاسَ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ إِلَّا حَصَائِدُ أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ مُطَوَّلًا وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَزَادَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ مُخْتَصَرَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَزَالَ سَالِمًا مَا سَكَتَّ فَإِذَا تَكَلَّمْتَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكَ أَوْ لَكَ
Uqbathu bnu Amir reports, Once I asked the Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam:Oh Rasoolullah,What is Victory?Then the Prophet replied:Hold your tongue.Imam Thirmudhi recorded this Hadith and declared it as Hasan. In one Hadith we see when the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam asks,
أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِمَلَاكِ الْأَمْرِ كُلِّهِ
'What is the thing which is the 'Malaku' of all'; then the Prophet himself explains pointing his tongue, 'Hold this one'.Then Mu'aadu radiyallahu anhu asks him:''Are we expected to hold the organ which we use for talking?'' Then the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam replied,:What is the thing which makes the people fall in the Hell Fire ? It is nothing but what they reap which they sowed with their tongues.Imam Ahmad, Thirmudhi, Nasa'i , Ibnu Majah etc.(rahmathullahi alyhim) have reported this Hadith.In the report of Imam Thabrani we see the following addition too- '' You will be successful as long as you keep silence; and if you speak it will be recorded either for you or against you.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ مَرْفُوعًا عَلَيْكَ بِطُولِ الصَّمْتِ فَإِنَّهُ مَطْرَدَةٌ لِلشَّيْطَانِ أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَاهُ وَعَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَفَعَهُ مَنْ صَمَتَ نَجَا أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَرُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَفَعَهُ مِنْ حُسْنِ إِسْلَامِ الْمَرْءِ تَرْكُهُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ
There are Hadiths on this subject from Aboo Dar,Ibnu Umar etc.which are recorded in various Hadith kithabs.In the Hadith of Aboo Huraira radiyallahu anhu recorded by Thirmudhi we see,
مِنْ حُسْنِ إِسْلَامِ الْمَرْءِ تَرْكُهُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ
''It is the prrfectness /beauty of the Islam of a human being to avoid what is not needed by him'. Imam Thimudhi has graded this Hadith as Hasan.
وَذَكَرَ الْمُصَنِّفُ فِي الْبَابِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَحَادِيثَ
الْأَوَّلُ قَوْلُهُ ( حَدَّثَنِي ) كَذَا لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ وَلِلْبَاقِينَ " حَدَّثَنَا " وَكَذَا لِلْجَمِيعِ فِي هَذَا السَّنَدِ بِعَيْنِهِ فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ بِفَتْحِ الْقَافِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الدَّالِ هُوَ عَمُّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ
مُدَلِّسٌ لَكِنَّهُ صَرَّحَ هُنَا بِالسَّمَاعِ
قَوْلُهُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ هُوَ السَّاعِدِيُّ
Here , in this Babu, Imam Bukhari gives records four Hadiths in this Babu out of which we're discussing the first one.Here the discussion above is regarding the chain of narrators.
قَوْلُهُ مَنْ يَضْمَنْ بِفَتْحِ أَوَّلِهِ وَسُكُونِ الضَّادِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَالْجَزْمِ مِنَ الضَّمَانِ بِمَعْنَى الْوَفَاءِ بِتَرْكِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ فَأَطْلَقَ الضَّمَانَ وَأَرَادَ لَازِمَهُ وَهُوَ أَدَاءُ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فَالْمَعْنَى مَنْ أَدَّى الْحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مِنَ النُّطْقِ بِمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَوِ الصَّمْتِ عَمَّا لَا يَعْنِيهِ وَأَدَّى الْحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَى فَرْجِهِ مِنْ وَضْعِهِ فِي الْحَلَالِ وَكَفِّهِ عَنِ الْحَرَامِ
Here in the Hadith the words ,
مَنْ يَضْمَنْ
used in the case of tongue and private parts denotes that, one should observe the duties towards one's tongue by speaking what is needed only and by keeping silence when the talks are not necessary.Also one should observe the duties towards one's Farju/private part by putting it/using it in permitted ways(in one's halal life partner) and by avoiding placing it in prohibitted ways.
وَسَيَأْتِي فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ عَنْ خَلِيفَةَ بْنِ خَيَّاطٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بِلَفْظِ " مَنْ تَوَكَّلَ " وَأَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بِلَفْظِ " مَنْ تَكَفَّلَ " وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ " حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ هُوَ الْفَلَّاسُ وَغَيْرُهُمَا قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ " بِلَفْظِ " مَنْ حَفِظَ " عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ وَأَبِي يَعْلَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ وَعِنْدَ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ لَكِنْ قَالَ " فَقْمَيْهِ " بَدَلَ " لَحْيَيْهِ " وَهُوَ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَالْفَقْمِ بِفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَسُكُونِ الْقَافِ
We see above different but synonymous words used in different reports of similar Hadiths.
قَوْلُهُ ( لَحْيَيْهِ ) بِفَتْحِ اللَّامِ وَسُكُونِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالتَّثْنِيَةِ هُمَا الْعَظْمَاتُ فِي جَانِبَيِ الْفَمِ وَالْمُرَادُ بِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا اللِّسَانُ وَمَا يَتَأَتَّى بِهِ النُّطْقُ وَبِمَا بَيْنَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ الْفَرْجُ وَقَالَ الدَّاوُدِيُّ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا بَيْنَ اللَّحْيَيْنِ الْفَمُ قَالَ فَيَتَنَاوَلُ الْأَقْوَالَ وَالْأَكْلَ وَالشُّرْبَ وَسَائِرَ مَا يَتَأَتَّى بِالْفَمِ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ ، قَالَ وَمَنْ تَحَفَّظْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمِنَ مِنَ الشَّرِّ كُلِّهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا السَّمْعُ وَالْبَصَرُ كَذَا قَالَ وَخَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ بَقِيَ الْبَطْشُ بِالْيَدَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا مَحْمَلُ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى أَنَّ النُّطْقَ بِاللِّسَانِ أَصْلٌ فِي حُصُولِ كُلِّ مَطْلُوبٍ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَنْطِقْ بِهِ إِلَّا فِي خَيْرٍ سَلِمَ
In the Hadith, the word,
لَحْيَيْهِ
'Lahyaihi' means the bones on either side of the mouth opening.The organ in between those bones means the tongue,i.e the talks caused by the tongue. Now the organ in between two thighs is the Farju/private part(Note:Farju is generally used to denote penis and vagina though it is specially used to denote vagina.D'akar is the word specially used to denote penis).Dawoodi says:That which is in between the two jaw bones means the mouth .Then holding the mouth means all actions performed by the mouth including eating, drinking and speaking prohibited things Dawoodi continues:'Whoever is able to free from the sins of tongue , then for him there remains only sins related with hearing and sight and the sins of arms including catching prohibited things.The Hadith implies that most of the evils start with the tongue and if anyone is talking nothing other than good, then he will be saved.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ بَطَّالٍ : دَلَّ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى أَنَّ أَعْظَمَ الْبَلَاءِ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ فِي الدُّنْيَا لِسَانُهُ وَفَرْجُهُ فَمَنْ وُقِيَ شَرَّهُمَا وُقِيَ أَعْظَمَ الشَّرِّ
Ibnu Bathal says:In this world most of the trials faced by human beiings are because of his tongue and Farju/private part/sex;and from the Hadith it is evident that,if anyone is free from the vices of those two organs he will be able to keep away from most of the vices.
قَوْلُهُ أَضْمَنْ لَهُ بِالْجَزْمِ جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ خَلِيفَةَ " تَوَكَّلْتُ لَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ " وَوَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَسَنِ " تَكَفَّلْتُ لَهُ " قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدِيثُ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّ أَبَا حَازِمٍ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَنْ سَهْلٍ فَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِلَفْظِ مَنْ وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَشَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَحَسَّنَهُ وَنَبَّهَ عَلَى أَنَّ أَبَا حَازِمٍ الرَّاوِيَ عَنْ سَهْلٍ غَيْرُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ الرَّاوِي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . قُلْتُ وَهُمَا مَدَنِيَّانِ تَابِعِيَّانِ لَكِنَّ الرَّاوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ اسْمُهُ سَلْمَانُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الرَّاوِي عَنْ سَهْلٍ وَاسْمُهُ سَلَمَةُ وَلِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ مُرْسَلِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ
Now the details above is the various reports regarding the later parts of this Hadith or similar Hadiths with different but synonymous words.In one Hadith of Aboo Huraira radiyallahu anhu upon the subject we see,
مَنْ وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَشَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
Whoever is saved by Allah from the vices of the organ that which is in between his jaw bones and from the vices of the organ that which is in between his thighs ,then he will enter Jannah/paradise.
......................................
Dear brothers and sisters,The two organs which often create problems for a man or a woman are his or her tongue and sexual
organs.Our Prophet Muhammad swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam
assures us Jannah/Paradise in
the Hereafter if we are able to protect these two boneless organs from sins.
Sahih al-Bukhari 6474
with Fath'hul Bari English
صحيح البخاري مع فتح الباري
كتاب الرقاق
To make the Heart Tender (Ar-Riqaq)
باب حِفْظِ اللِّسَانِ
Chapter: To protect one's tongue
وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ
خَيْرًا، أَوْ لِيَصْمُتْ». وَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {مَا يَلْفِظُ
مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلاَّ لَدَيْهِ
رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ
Here Imam Bukhari starts this Babu with a
segment of an important Hadith and a verse from Surah Qaf – verse18.
The full Hadith and the concerned verse is given below
عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله
صلى الله عليه
وسلم قال: من كان يؤمن بالله
واليوم الآخر فليقل خيراً أو ليصمت، ومن كان يؤمن
بالله
واليوم الآخر فليكرم جاره، ومن كان
يؤمن بالله واليوم الآخر فليكرم ضيفه
Aboo Huraira radiyallahu anhu
narrates:Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi
wa sallam said:Whoever believes
in Allah and the Last Day should
say what is good or should keep
silent;and whoever believes
in Allah and the Last Day should
respect his
neighbour and whoever believes
in Allah and the Last Day should
respect his guest.
Now we'll see verse 18 of Surah Qaf,
مَا يَلْفِظُ مِن قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ
Man does not utter any word except that with him is Raqeebu
and A'theedu prepared to record.
Now we'll see the Hadith
6474
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، سَمِعَ أَبَا حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ،
عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ
مَنْ يَضْمَنْ لِي مَا بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَمَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ
أَضْمَنْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ
Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d radiyallahu anhu:
Allah's Messenger swallallahu alyhi wa sallam said: "Whoever
can guarantee (the chastity of) what is
between his two jaw-bones and what is between his two legs (i.e. his tongue and his private parts), I
guarantee Paradise for him
Now we'll see the explanation of this Hadith as given in Fath'hul Bari with its Arabic text and gist in
English
قَوْلُهُ بَابُ حِفْظِ اللِّسَانِ- أَيْ عَنِ النُّطْقِ بِمَا لَا يَسُوغُ شَرْعًا
مِمَّا لَا حَاجَةَ لِلْمُتَكَلِّمِ بِهِ . وَقَدْ
أَخْرَجَ أَبُو الشَّيْخِ فِي " كِتَابِ الثَّوَابِ "
وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي " الشُّعَبِ " مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي جُحَيْفَةَ
رَفَعَهُ أَحَبُّ الْأَعْمَالِ إِلَى اللَّهِ حِفْظُ اللِّسَانِ
Here, hifdu' llisan/keeping the tongue' means keeping it away from unwanted talks.In one Hadith of Aboo Juhaifa recorded by Baihaqi and Abu Shykh we see,The action which is the most loved by Allah is keeping the tongue away from unwanted talks.
قَوْلُهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ إِلَخْ وَقَعَ عِنْدَ أَبِي ذَرٍّ " وَقَوْلُ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَمَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ إِلَخْ " وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَهُ مَوْصُولًا فِي الْبَابِ بِلَفْظِهِ
وَقَوْلُهُ وَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ كَذَا لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ وَلِلْأَكْثَرِ " وَقَوْلُهُ مَا يَلْفِظُ إِلَخْ "وَلِابْنِ بَطَّالٍ " وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - مَا يَلْفِظُ الْآيَةَ " وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِتَفْسِيرِهَا فِي تَفْسِيرِ سُورَةِ ق
...................................................
وَقَالَ ابْنُ بَطَّالٍ جَاءَ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّهُمَا يَكْتُبَانِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ يَكْتُبَانِ الْخَيْرَ وَالشَّرَّ فَقَطْ وَيُقَوِّي الْأَوَّلَ تَفْسِيرُ أَبِي صَالِحٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ - تَعَالَى - يَمْحُو اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ قَالَ تَكْتُبُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ كُلَّ مَا يَتَلَفَّظُ بِهِ الْإِنْسَانُ ثُمَّ يُثْبِتُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا لَهُ وَمَا عَلَيْهِ وَيَمْحُو مَا عَدَا ذَلِكَ قُلْتُ هَذَا لَوْ ثَبَتَ كَانَ نَصًّا فِي ذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّهُ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا
Ibnu Bathal quotes from Hasan:The two angels-Raqeebu & A'theedu record everything.Also he records from I'krima:They record virtues and vices only.But the former view-the view of Hasan- is more powerful as it is in consonance with the Thafseer of Aboo Swalih for the words of Allah,
يَمْحُو اللَّهُ مَا يَشَاءُ وَيُثْبِتُ
'Allah deletes what He intends and he fixes.....', in Surah Ar-Ra'adu; in whose thafsir Aboo Swalih says that angels record what all things that men utter and then Allah fixes what is for and against the doer of the actions; and He deletes what remains. I -Ibnu Hajar-say:If this one is confirmed , then it would have been a strong proof; but it is from the report of Kalbi and is very weak.
وَالرَّقِيبُ هُوَ الْحَافِظُ وَالْعَتِيدُ هُوَ الْحَاضِرُ وَوَرَدَ فِي فَضْلِ الصَّمْتِ عِدَّةُ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا حَدِيثُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الثَّقَفِيِّ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا أَخْوَفُ مَا تَخَافُ عَلَيَّ ؟ قَالَ هَذَا وَأَخَذَ بِلِسَانِهِ أَخْرَجَهُ
التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ
Raqeeb means hafidu/one who keeps/watches/observes and A'theedu means one who is present.There are many Hadiths regarding the superiority of keeping 'silence'.In one Hadith Sufyanu bnu Abdillah As-Saqafi says:Once I asked Allah's Messenger-'' Oh , Rasoolullah....''What is the most fearful thing which you fear from me?Then Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam took his tongue out and said , ''It is this one''.Imam Thirmudhi has recorded this Hadith and graded it as Hasan Sahih.
وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي الْإِيمَانِ حَدِيثُ الْمُسْلِمِ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ وَلِأَحْمَدَ وَصَحَّحَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ وَكُفَّ لِسَانَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ خَيْرٍ
We have already come across the following Hadith in Kithab ul Eeman;
الْمُسْلِمِ مَنْ سَلِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ
'A Muslim is a person from whose hands and tongue other Muslims are saved.(Note :Injustice and ,attacks without valid reasons,on Non-Muslims too is prohibited as it is evident from various verses of Quran and Sunnah.But here Muslims are particularly mentioned).In another Hadith we see,
وَكُفَّ لِسَانَكَ إِلَّا مِنْ خَيْرٍ
'And you Hold your tongue except for good ends.
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا النَّجَاةُ ؟ قَالَ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ لِسَانَكَ الْحَدِيثُ أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ وَفِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاذٍ مَرْفُوعًا أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِمَلَاكِ الْأَمْرِ كُلِّهِ كُفَّ هَذَا وَأَشَارَ إِلَى لِسَانِهِ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَإِنَّا لَمُؤَاخَذُونَ بِمَا نَتَكَلَّمُ بِهِ ؟ قَالَ وَهَلْ يَكُبُّ النَّاسَ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمْ إِلَّا حَصَائِدُ أَلْسِنَتِهِمْ أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي وَائِلٍ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ مُطَوَّلًا وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ مُعَاذٍ وَزَادَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةٍ مُخْتَصَرَةٍ ثُمَّ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَزَالَ سَالِمًا مَا سَكَتَّ فَإِذَا تَكَلَّمْتَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكَ أَوْ لَكَ
Uqbathu bnu Amir reports, Once I asked the Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam:Oh Rasoolullah,What is Victory?Then the Prophet replied:Hold your tongue.Imam Thirmudhi recorded this Hadith and declared it as Hasan. In one Hadith we see when the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam asks,
أَلَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِمَلَاكِ الْأَمْرِ كُلِّهِ
'What is the thing which is the 'Malaku' of all'; then the Prophet himself explains pointing his tongue, 'Hold this one'.Then Mu'aadu radiyallahu anhu asks him:''Are we expected to hold the organ which we use for talking?'' Then the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam replied,:What is the thing which makes the people fall in the Hell Fire ? It is nothing but what they reap which they sowed with their tongues.Imam Ahmad, Thirmudhi, Nasa'i , Ibnu Majah etc.(rahmathullahi alyhim) have reported this Hadith.In the report of Imam Thabrani we see the following addition too- '' You will be successful as long as you keep silence; and if you speak it will be recorded either for you or against you.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ مَرْفُوعًا عَلَيْكَ بِطُولِ الصَّمْتِ فَإِنَّهُ مَطْرَدَةٌ لِلشَّيْطَانِ أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَاهُ وَعَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَفَعَهُ مَنْ صَمَتَ نَجَا أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَرُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَفَعَهُ مِنْ حُسْنِ إِسْلَامِ الْمَرْءِ تَرْكُهُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ أَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ
There are Hadiths on this subject from Aboo Dar,Ibnu Umar etc.which are recorded in various Hadith kithabs.In the Hadith of Aboo Huraira radiyallahu anhu recorded by Thirmudhi we see,
مِنْ حُسْنِ إِسْلَامِ الْمَرْءِ تَرْكُهُ مَا لَا يَعْنِيهِ
''It is the prrfectness /beauty of the Islam of a human being to avoid what is not needed by him'. Imam Thimudhi has graded this Hadith as Hasan.
وَذَكَرَ الْمُصَنِّفُ فِي الْبَابِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَحَادِيثَ
الْأَوَّلُ قَوْلُهُ ( حَدَّثَنِي ) كَذَا لِأَبِي ذَرٍّ وَلِلْبَاقِينَ " حَدَّثَنَا " وَكَذَا لِلْجَمِيعِ فِي هَذَا السَّنَدِ بِعَيْنِهِ فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ بِفَتْحِ الْقَافِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الدَّالِ هُوَ عَمُّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الرَّاوِي عَنْهُ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ
مُدَلِّسٌ لَكِنَّهُ صَرَّحَ هُنَا بِالسَّمَاعِ
قَوْلُهُ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ هُوَ السَّاعِدِيُّ
Here , in this Babu, Imam Bukhari gives records four Hadiths in this Babu out of which we're discussing the first one.Here the discussion above is regarding the chain of narrators.
قَوْلُهُ مَنْ يَضْمَنْ بِفَتْحِ أَوَّلِهِ وَسُكُونِ الضَّادِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَالْجَزْمِ مِنَ الضَّمَانِ بِمَعْنَى الْوَفَاءِ بِتَرْكِ الْمَعْصِيَةِ فَأَطْلَقَ الضَّمَانَ وَأَرَادَ لَازِمَهُ وَهُوَ أَدَاءُ الْحَقِّ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ فَالْمَعْنَى مَنْ أَدَّى الْحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَى لِسَانِهِ مِنَ النُّطْقِ بِمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ أَوِ الصَّمْتِ عَمَّا لَا يَعْنِيهِ وَأَدَّى الْحَقَّ الَّذِي عَلَى فَرْجِهِ مِنْ وَضْعِهِ فِي الْحَلَالِ وَكَفِّهِ عَنِ الْحَرَامِ
Here in the Hadith the words ,
مَنْ يَضْمَنْ
used in the case of tongue and private parts denotes that, one should observe the duties towards one's tongue by speaking what is needed only and by keeping silence when the talks are not necessary.Also one should observe the duties towards one's Farju/private part by putting it/using it in permitted ways(in one's halal life partner) and by avoiding placing it in prohibitted ways.
وَسَيَأْتِي فِي الْمُحَارِبِينَ عَنْ خَلِيفَةَ بْنِ خَيَّاطٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بِلَفْظِ " مَنْ تَوَكَّلَ " وَأَخْرَجَهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بِلَفْظِ " مَنْ تَكَفَّلَ " وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ " حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ هُوَ الْفَلَّاسُ وَغَيْرُهُمَا قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ " بِلَفْظِ " مَنْ حَفِظَ " عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ وَأَبِي يَعْلَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي مُوسَى بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ وَعِنْدَ الطَّبَرَانِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ لَكِنْ قَالَ " فَقْمَيْهِ " بَدَلَ " لَحْيَيْهِ " وَهُوَ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَالْفَقْمِ بِفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَسُكُونِ الْقَافِ
We see above different but synonymous words used in different reports of similar Hadiths.
قَوْلُهُ ( لَحْيَيْهِ ) بِفَتْحِ اللَّامِ وَسُكُونِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالتَّثْنِيَةِ هُمَا الْعَظْمَاتُ فِي جَانِبَيِ الْفَمِ وَالْمُرَادُ بِمَا بَيْنَهُمَا اللِّسَانُ وَمَا يَتَأَتَّى بِهِ النُّطْقُ وَبِمَا بَيْنَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ الْفَرْجُ وَقَالَ الدَّاوُدِيُّ الْمُرَادُ بِمَا بَيْنَ اللَّحْيَيْنِ الْفَمُ قَالَ فَيَتَنَاوَلُ الْأَقْوَالَ وَالْأَكْلَ وَالشُّرْبَ وَسَائِرَ مَا يَتَأَتَّى بِالْفَمِ مِنَ الْفِعْلِ ، قَالَ وَمَنْ تَحَفَّظْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَمِنَ مِنَ الشَّرِّ كُلِّهِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا السَّمْعُ وَالْبَصَرُ كَذَا قَالَ وَخَفِيَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ بَقِيَ الْبَطْشُ بِالْيَدَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا مَحْمَلُ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى أَنَّ النُّطْقَ بِاللِّسَانِ أَصْلٌ فِي حُصُولِ كُلِّ مَطْلُوبٍ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَنْطِقْ بِهِ إِلَّا فِي خَيْرٍ سَلِمَ
In the Hadith, the word,
لَحْيَيْهِ
'Lahyaihi' means the bones on either side of the mouth opening.The organ in between those bones means the tongue,i.e the talks caused by the tongue. Now the organ in between two thighs is the Farju/private part(Note:Farju is generally used to denote penis and vagina though it is specially used to denote vagina.D'akar is the word specially used to denote penis).Dawoodi says:That which is in between the two jaw bones means the mouth .Then holding the mouth means all actions performed by the mouth including eating, drinking and speaking prohibited things Dawoodi continues:'Whoever is able to free from the sins of tongue , then for him there remains only sins related with hearing and sight and the sins of arms including catching prohibited things.The Hadith implies that most of the evils start with the tongue and if anyone is talking nothing other than good, then he will be saved.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ بَطَّالٍ : دَلَّ الْحَدِيثُ عَلَى أَنَّ أَعْظَمَ الْبَلَاءِ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ فِي الدُّنْيَا لِسَانُهُ وَفَرْجُهُ فَمَنْ وُقِيَ شَرَّهُمَا وُقِيَ أَعْظَمَ الشَّرِّ
Ibnu Bathal says:In this world most of the trials faced by human beiings are because of his tongue and Farju/private part/sex;and from the Hadith it is evident that,if anyone is free from the vices of those two organs he will be able to keep away from most of the vices.
قَوْلُهُ أَضْمَنْ لَهُ بِالْجَزْمِ جَوَابُ الشَّرْطِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ خَلِيفَةَ " تَوَكَّلْتُ لَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ " وَوَقَعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الْحَسَنِ " تَكَفَّلْتُ لَهُ " قَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ : حَدِيثُ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَأَشَارَ إِلَى أَنَّ أَبَا حَازِمٍ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَنْ سَهْلٍ فَأَخْرَجَهُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِلَفْظِ مَنْ وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَشَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ وَحَسَّنَهُ وَنَبَّهَ عَلَى أَنَّ أَبَا حَازِمٍ الرَّاوِيَ عَنْ سَهْلٍ غَيْرُ أَبِي حَازِمٍ الرَّاوِي عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ . قُلْتُ وَهُمَا مَدَنِيَّانِ تَابِعِيَّانِ لَكِنَّ الرَّاوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ اسْمُهُ سَلْمَانُ وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنَ الرَّاوِي عَنْ سَهْلٍ وَاسْمُهُ سَلَمَةُ وَلِهَذَا اللَّفْظِ شَاهِدٌ مِنْ مُرْسَلِ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ فِي الْمُوَطَّأِ
Now the details above is the various reports regarding the later parts of this Hadith or similar Hadiths with different but synonymous words.In one Hadith of Aboo Huraira radiyallahu anhu upon the subject we see,
مَنْ وَقَاهُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ لَحْيَيْهِ وَشَرَّ مَا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ
Whoever is saved by Allah from the vices of the organ that which is in between his jaw bones and from the vices of the organ that which is in between his thighs ,then he will enter Jannah/paradise.
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