MUHARAM lEARNING SERIES 2 Surah At-thoubah 37 English with Thafsir Ibnu Kathir تفسيرإبن كثير

MUHARAM lEARNING SERIES 2 
Surah At-thoubah 37 English with Thafsir Ibnu Kathir تفسيرإبن كثير
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ يُحِلِّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِّيُوَاطِؤُواْ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ فَيُحِلُّواْ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ زُيِّنَ لَهُمْ سُوءُ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَاللّهُ لاَ يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الْكَافِرِينَ
Certainly,The Nasee-u postponing of  the Sanctity of a Sacred/Forbidden Month -  is indeed a thing which increases  disbelief; thereby the disbelievers are led astray, for they make fighting  lawful in a Forbidden Month one year and forbid the same  the next  year in order to adjust the number of months Forbidden by Allah, and make such Forbidden ones Lawful for fighting. The evil of their deeds is made fair-seeming to them. And Allah guides not the people who disbelieve.

Thafsir Ibnu Kathir
تفسيرإبن كثير
Now we'll, in shaa Allah , see the thafsir of this verse as given in Thafsir Ibnu Kathir.The original Arabic text in full with the gist in English is given here.
هَذَا مِمَّا ذَمَّ اللَّه تَعَالَى بِهِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنْ تَصَرُّفهمْ فِي شَرْع اللَّه بِآرَائِهِمْ الْفَاسِدَة وَتَغْيِيرهمْ أَحْكَام اللَّه بِأَهْوَائِهِمْ الْبَارِدَة وَتَحْلِيلهمْ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه وَتَحْرِيمهمْ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّه فَإِنَّهُمْ كَانَ فِيهِمْ مِنْ الْقُوَّة الْغَضَبِيَّة وَالشَّهَامِيَّة مَا اِسْتَطَاعُوا بِهِ مُدَّة الْأَشْهُر الثَّلَاثَة فِي التَّحْرِيم الْمَانِع لَهُمْ مِنْ قَضَاء أَوْطَارهمْ مِنْ قِتَال أَعْدَائِهِمْ فَكَانُوا قَدْ أَحْدَثُوا قَبْل الْإِسْلَام بِمُدَّةٍ تَحْلِيل الْمُحَرَّم فَأَخَّرُوهُ إِلَى صَفَر فَيُحِلُّونَ الشَّهْر الْحَرَام وَيُحَرِّمُونَ الشَّهْر الْحَلَال لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّة مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه الْأَشْهُر الْأَرْبَعَة كَمَا قَالَ شَاعِرهمْ وَهُوَ عُمَيْر بْن قَيْس الْمَعْرُوف بِجِذْلِ الطِّعَان : لَقَدْ عَلِمَتْ مَعَدّ بِأَنَّ قَوْمِي كِرَام النَّاس أَنَّ لَهُمْ كِرَامَا أَلَسْنَا النَّاسِئِينَ عَلَى مَعَدّ شُهُور الْحِلّ نَجْعَلهَا حَرَامَا فَأَيّ النَّاس لَمْ نُدْرِك بِوِتْرٍ وَأَيّ النَّاس لَمْ نَعْلِك لِجَامَا
Allah admonishes the idolators for choosing their wicked opinions over Allah's Law. They changed Allah's legislation based upon their vain desires, allowing what Allah prohibited and prohibiting what Allah allowed. They thought that three consecutive sacred months were rather long for them to remain without fighting, for they were full of anger and rage. This is why, before Islam, they innovated a change in the Sacred Month of Muharram, delaying it to the month of Safar! Therefore, they allowed fighting in the Sacred Month and made the non-sacred month sacred, to make the Sacred Months in a year four, as Allah decided!This practise is called Nasee-u and it is strictly condemned by Allahu azza wa jal. 
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 وَقَالَ عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَلْحَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس فِي قَوْله " إِنَّمَا النَّسِيء زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر " قَالَ النَّسِيء أَنَّ جُنَادَة بْن عَوْف بْن أُمَيَّة الْكِنَانِيّ كَانَ يُوَافِي الْمَوْسِم فِي كُلّ عَام وَكَانَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا ثُمَامَة فَيُنَادِي أَلَا إِنَّ أَبَا ثُمَامَة لَا يُجَاب وَلَا يُعَاب أَلَا وَإِنَّ صَفَر الْعَام الْأَوَّل الْعَام حَلَال فَيُحِلّهُ لِلنَّاسِ فَيُحَرِّم صَفَرًا عَامًا وَيُحَرِّم الْمُحَرَّم عَامًا فَذَلِكَ قَوْل اللَّه " إِنَّمَا النَّسِيء زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر " يَقُول يَتْرُكُونَ الْمُحَرَّم عَامًا وَعَامًا يُحَرِّمُونَهُ وَرَوَى الْعَوْفِيّ عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس نَحْوه
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيء زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر
Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn `Abbas commented on Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِىءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِى الْكُفْرِ﴾
The practice of Nasee-u (postponing of a Sacred/Prohibited Month) is indeed a thing which increases disbelief,
 "Junadah bin `Awf bin Umayyah Al-Kinani, known as Abu Thumamah, used to attend the Hajj season every year and declare, `Abu Thumamah is never rejected nor refuted!,' and he used to treat Safar as sacred for people one year and un-sanctify Muharram and treat Muharram as Sacred another year and un-sanctify Safar in that year.
 This is why Allah said,
﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِىءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِى الْكُفْرِ﴾
The practice of Nasee-u (postponing of a Sacred/Prohibited Month) is indeed a thing which increases disbelief,
And  Allah says here, `They allow Muharram one year and make it sacred another year.''' Al-`Awfi narrated a similar statement from Ibn `Abbas radiyalahu anhu.
 وَقَالَ لَيْث بْن أَبِي سُلَيْم عَنْ مُجَاهِد : كَانَ رَجُل مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَة يَأْتِي كُلّ عَام إِلَى الْمَوْسِم عَلَى حِمَار لَهُ فَيَقُول أَيّهَا النَّاس : إِنِّي لَا أُعَاب وَلَا أُجَاب وَلَا مَرَدّ لِمَا أَقُول إِنَّا قَدْ حَرَّمْنَا الْمُحَرَّم وَأَخَّرْنَا صَفَر . ثُمَّ يَجِيء الْعَام الْمُقْبِل بَعْده فَيَقُول مِثْل مَقَالَته وَيَقُول إِنَّا قَدْ حَرَّمْنَا صَفَر وَأَخَّرْنَا الْمُحَرَّم فَهُوَ قَوْله " لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّة مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه " قَالَ : يَعْنِي الْأَرْبَعَة فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه بِتَأْخِيرِ هَذَا الشَّهْر الْحَرَام وَرُوِيَ عَنْ أَبِي وَائِل وَالضَّحَّاك وَقَتَادَة نَحْو هَذَا
Layth bin Abi Sulaym narrated that Mujahid said, "There was a man from Bani Kinanah who would attend the Hajj season every year riding his donkey. He would proclaim, `O people! I am never rejected, denied or refuted in what I say. We made this coming Muharram sacred, and Safar not!' The following year he would come again and declare the same words then say, `We made this coming Safar sacred and delayed Muharram (revoked its sanctity).' This is the meaning of Allah's statement,
﴿لِّيُوَاطِئُواْ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ﴾
(in order to adjust the number of months forbidden by Allah), to four months. Allah says, `They allow what Allah disallowed by delaying the Sacred Month.Aboo Wa-il , Dahhak & Qathadah reported similarly.
 وَقَالَ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن زَيْد بْن أَسْلَم فِي قَوْله " إِنَّمَا النَّسِيء زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر " الْآيَة . قَالَ هَذَا رَجُل مِنْ بَنِي كِنَانَة يُقَال لَهُ الْقَلَمَّس وَكَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّة لَا يُغِير بَعْضهمْ عَلَى بَعْض فِي الشَّهْر الْحَرَام يَلْقَى الرَّجُل قَاتِل أَبِيهِ وَلَا يَمُدّ إِلَيْهِ يَده فَلَمَّا كَانَ هُوَ قَالُوا اُخْرُجُوا بِنَا قَالُوا لَهُ هَذَا الْمُحَرَّم قَالَ نُنْسِئهُ الْعَام هُمَا الْعَام صَفَرَانِ فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَام الْقَابِل قَضَيْنَا جَعَلْنَاهُمَا مُحَرَّمَيْنِ قَالَ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ عَام قَابِل قَالَ لَا تَغْزُوا فِي صَفَر حَرِّمُوهُ مَعَ الْمُحَرَّم هُمَا مُحَرَّمَانِ فَهَذِهِ صِفَة غَرِيبَة فِي النَّسِيء وَفِيهَا نَظَر لِأَنَّهُمْ فِي عَام إِنَّمَا يُحَرِّمُونَ عَلَى هَذَا ثَلَاثَة أَشْهُر فَقَطْ وَفِي الْعَام الَّذِي يَلِيه يُحَرِّمُونَ خَمْسَة أَشْهُر فَأَيْنَ هَذَا مِنْ قَوْله تَعَالَى " يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّة مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه "
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيء زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر
In a Gareebu /rare report by Abdu Rahmanu bnu Zaidu bnu Aslam , he commented on Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّمَا النَّسِىءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِى الْكُفْرِ﴾
The practice of Nasee-u (postponing of a Sacred/Prohibited Month) is indeed a thing which increases disbelief,
''Even in Jahiliyyah periods people used to observe tha Sanctity of the Sacred/Prohibited months and they didn't fight each other during those four months.Once a man saw his father's murderer in the month of Muharam.As it is Muharam he could not take revenge or avenge the the death of his father.Then a man namely Khalammas from the tribe Banoo Kinanah suggested a solution for this problem.He said:''We have two Safar months this year-which means we have no Muharam this year.We can adjust this in the coming year by observing two Muharams and avoiding Safar.
But as per this Gareebu report, the number of Prohibited/Sacred months during the first year will be three and it will be five in the next year.And as such it will not comply with the statement of Allah,
''
يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّة مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه
for they make fighting  lawful in a Forbidden Month one year and forbid the same  the next  year in order to adjust the number of months Forbidden by Allah'' 
 وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِد صِفَة أرى غَرِيبَة أَيْضًا فَقَالَ عَبْد الرَّزَّاق : أَنَا مَعْمَر عَنْ أَبِي نَجِيح عَنْ مُجَاهِد فِي قَوْله تَعَالَى " إِنَّمَا النَّسِيء زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر " الْآيَة قَالَ فَرَضَ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْحَجّ فِي ذِي الْحَجَّة قَالَ : وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يُسَمُّونَ ذَا الْحَجَّة الْمُحَرَّم وَصَفَر وَرَبِيع وَرَبِيع وَجُمَادَى وَجُمَادَى وَرَجَب وَشَعْبَان وَرَمَضَان وَشَوَّالًا وَذَا الْقَعْدَة وَذَا الْحَجَّة يَحُجُّونَ فِيهِ مَرَّة أُخْرَى ثُمَّ يَسْكُتُونَ عَنْ الْمُحَرَّم وَلَا يَذْكُرُونَهُ ثُمَّ يَعُودُونَ فَيُسَمُّونَ صَفَرًا ثُمَّ يُسَمُّونَ رَجَب جُمَادَى الْآخِر ثُمَّ يُسَمُّونَ شَعْبَان رَمَضَان ثُمَّ يُسَمُّونَ شَوَّالًا رَمَضَان ثُمَّ يُسَمُّونَ ذَا الْقَعْدَة شَوَّالًا ثُمَّ يُسَمُّونَ ذَا الْحَجَّة ذَا الْقَعْدَة ثُمَّ يُسَمُّونَ الْمُحَرَّم ذَا الْحَجَّة فَيَحُجُّونَ فِيهِ وَاسْمه عِنْدهمْ ذُو الْحَجَّة ثُمَّ عَادُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذِهِ الصِّفَة فَكَانُوا يَحُجُّونَ فِي كُلّ شَهْر عَامَيْنِ حَتَّى إِذَا وَافَقَ حَجَّة أَبِي بَكْر الْآخِر مِنْ الْعَامَيْنِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَة ثُمَّ حَجَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَجَّته الَّتِي حَجَّ فَوَافَقَ ذَا الْحَجَّة فَذَلِكَ حِين يَقُول النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي خُطْبَته " إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض " وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ مُجَاهِد فِيهِ نَظَر أَيْضًا وَكَيْف تَصِحّ حَجَّة أَبِي بَكْر وَقَدْ وَقَعَتْ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَة وَأَنَّى هَذَا ؟ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّه تَعَالَى " وَأَذَان مِنْ اللَّه وَرَسُوله إِلَى النَّاس يَوْم الْحَجّ الْأَكْبَر أَنَّ اللَّه بَرِيء مِنْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَرَسُوله " الْآيَة وَإِنَّمَا نُودِيَ بِهِ فِي حَجَّة أَبِي بَكْر فَلَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ فِي ذِي الْحَجَّة لَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " يَوْم الْحَجّ الْأَكْبَر " وَلَا يَلْزَم مِنْ فِعْلهمْ النَّسِيء هَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ مِنْ دَوَرَان السَّنَة عَلَيْهِمْ وَحَجّهمْ فِي كُلّ شَهْر عَامَيْنِ فَإِنَّ النَّسِيء حَاصِل بِدُونِ هَذَا فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمَّا كَانُوا يُحِلُّونَ شَهْر الْمُحَرَّم عَامًا يُحَرِّمُونَ عِوَضه صَفَرًا وَبَعْده رَبِيع وَرَبِيع إِلَى آخِر السَّنَة بِحَالِهَا عَلَى نِظَامهَا وَعِدَّتهَا وَأَسْمَاء شُهُورهَا ثُمَّ فِي السَّنَة الثَّانِيَة يُحَرِّمُونَ الْمُحَرَّم وَيَتْرُكُونَهُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمه وَبَعْده صَفَر وَرَبِيع وَرَبِيع إِلَى آخِرهَا " فَيُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّة مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه " أَيْ فِي تَحْرِيم أَرْبَعَة أَشْهُر مِنْ السَّنَة إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ تَارَة يُقَدِّمُونَ تَحْرِيم الشَّهْر الثَّالِث مِنْ الثَّلَاثَة الْمُتَوَالِيَة وَهُوَ الْمُحَرَّم وَتَارَة يُنْسِئُونَهُ إِلَى صَفَر أَيْ يُؤَخِّرُونَهُ وَقَدْ قَدَّمْنَا الْكَلَام عَلَى قَوْله صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ " الْحَدِيث أَيْ إِنَّ الْأَمْر فِي عِدَّة الشُّهُور وَتَحْرِيم مَا هُوَ مُحَرَّم مِنْهَا عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ فِي كِتَاب اللَّه مِنْ الْعَدَد وَالتَّوَالِي لَا كَمَا تَعْتَمِدهُ جَهَلَة الْعَرَب مِنْ فَصْلهمْ تَحْرِيم بَعْضهَا بِالنَّسِيءِ عَنْ بَعْض وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم 
There are also some more un-authentic reports regarding the nature of Nasee-u whose translation is not given here.And Allah knows the best.
وَقَالَ اِبْن أَبِي حَاتِم : حَدَّثَنَا صَالِح بْن بِشْر بْن سَلَمَة الطَّبَرَانِيّ حَدَّثَنَا مَكِّيّ بْن إِبْرَاهِيم حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْن عُبَيْدَة عَنْ عَبْد اللَّه بْن دِينَار عَنْ اِبْن عُمَر أَنَّهُ قَالَ : وَقَفَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْعَقَبَةِ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّه مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّه وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْل ثُمَّ قَالَ " وَإِنَّمَا النَّسِيء مِنْ الشَّيْطَان زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر يُضَلّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا " فَكَانُوا يُحَرِّمُونَ الْمُحَرَّم عَامًا وَيَسْتَحِلُّونَ صَفَرًا وَيَسْتَحِلُّونَ الْمُحَرَّم وَهُوَ النَّسِيء "
Ibnu Abee Hathim records one Hadith of Ibnu Umar radiyallahu anhu in this regard.Ibnu Umar radiyallahu anhu reports:When Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam was standing in Aqabah some Muslims gathered around him.Then after Hamdu and Thanaa-u Nabi swallallahu alyhi wa sallam told them: The practice of Nasee-u (postponing of a Sacred/Prohibited Month) is Satanic.It adds to disbelief.Dis believers go astray because of that.One year theymake the Muharam lawful and the next year they make it Forbidden/Sacred.One year they considered Muharam as Prohibited/Sacred and made Safar lawful permitting fighting in it.The next year they considered Muharam as  lawful and Safar as Prohibited. 
...................
 وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ الْإِمَام مُحَمَّد بْن إِسْحَاق عَلَى هَذَا فِي كِتَاب السِّيرَة كَلَامًا جَيِّدًا مُفِيدًا حَسَنًا فَقَالَ : كَانَ أَوَّل مَنْ نَسَأَ الشُّهُور عَلَى الْعَرَب فَأَحَلَّ مِنْهَا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه وَحَرَّمَ مِنْهَا مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْقَلَمَّس وَهُوَ حُذَيْفَة بْن عَبْد فُقَيْم بْن عَدِيّ بْن عَامِر بْن ثَعْلَبَة بْن الْحَارِث بْن مَالِك بْن كِنَانَة بْن خُزَيْمَة بْن مُدْرِكَة بْن إِلْيَاس بْن مُضَر بْن نِزَار بْن مَعَدّ بْن عَدْنَان ثُمَّ قَامَ بَعْده عَلَى ذَلِكَ اِبْنه عَبَّاد ثُمَّ مِنْ بَعْد عَبَّاد اِبْنه قلع بْن عَبَّاد ثُمَّ اِبْنه أُمَيَّة بْن قلع ثُمَّ اِبْنه عَوْف بْن أُمَيَّة ثُمَّ اِبْنه أَبُو ثُمَامَة جُنَادَة بْن عَوْف وَكَانَ آخِرهمْ وَعَلَيْهِ قَامَ الْإِسْلَام فَكَانَتْ الْعَرَب إِذَا فَرَغَتْ مِنْ حَجّهَا اِجْتَمَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَامَ فِيهِمْ خَطِيبًا فَحَرَّمَ رَجَبًا وَذَا الْقَعْدَة وَذَا الْحَجَّة وَيُحِلّ الْمُحَرَّم عَامًا وَيَجْعَل مَكَانه صَفَرًا وَيُحَرِّمهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّة مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه فَيُحِلّ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّه يَعْنِي وَيُحَرِّم مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّه . وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم .
In his book of Sirah, Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq presented a very useful beneficial discussion on this matter. He said; "The first to start the practice of overlooking the sanctity of months for the Arabs, thus allowing what Allah sanctified of them and sanctifying what Allah allowed of them, was "Al-Qalammas''. He was Hudhayfah bin `Abd Fuqaym bin `Adi bin `Amr bin Tha`labah bin Al-Harith bin Malik bin Kinanah bin Khuzaymah bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Ma`dd bin `Adnan. His son `Abbad maintained this practice, then after him his son Qala` bin `Abbad did the same, Then his son Umayyah bin Qala`, then his son `Awf bin Umayyah, then his son Abu Thumamah Junadah bin `Awf. He was the last one of his sons (to continue this practice) before Islam. The Arabs used to gather around him when Hajj was finished, and he would stand and address them in which he sanctified Rajab, Dhul-Qa`dah and Dhul-Hijjah. He would defer the sanctity of Muharram to Safar one year and uphold its sanctity another year, so as to appear upholding the number (of Sacred Months) Allah made sacred. Therefore, he would allow what Allah prohibited and prohibit what Allah allowed.'' Allah knows best.

Muharam Learning Series -1 – There are 12 months in a year-Surah At-thoubah 36 with Thafsir Ibnu Kathir .

 Muharam Learning Series -1 – There are 12 months in a year-Surah At-thoubah 36 with Thafsir Ibnu Kathir .
 إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّةً كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّةً وَاعْلَمُوا 
أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
(36. Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve months in a year, so was it ordained by Allah on the Day when He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are sacred. That is the right religion, so wrong not yourselves therein, and fight against the Mushrikeen/ idolaters collectively AS THEY FIGHT AGAINST YOU COLLECTIVELY. But know that Allah is with those who have Thaqwa/Piety.

Thafsir Ibnu Kathir English

Now we'll see, in shaa Allah, the explanation of this verse as given in Thafsir Ibnu Kathir.The Arabic text with its gist of meanings in English is given  here.
قَالَ الْإِمَام أَحْمَد : حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيل أَخْبَرَنَا أَيُّوب أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن سِيرِين عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَة أَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَ فِي حَجَّته فَقَالَ " أَلَا إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَوَات وَالْأَرْض السَّنَة اِثْنَا عَشَر شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم ثَلَاثَة مُتَوَالِيَات ذُو الْقَعْدَة وَذُو الْحِجَّة وَالْمُحَرَّم وَرَجَب مُضَر الَّذِي بَيْن جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان " ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَيّ يَوْم هَذَا ؟ " قُلْنَا اللَّه وَرَسُوله أَعْلَم فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اِسْمه قَالَ " أَلَيْسَ يَوْم النَّحْر ؟ " قُلْنَا بَلَى ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَيّ شَهْر هَذَا ؟ " قُلْنَا اللَّه وَرَسُوله أَعْلَم فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اِسْمه قَالَ " أَلَيْسَ ذَا الْحَجَّة ؟ " قُلْنَا بَلَى ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَيّ بَلَد هَذَا . ؟ " قُلْنَا اللَّه وَرَسُوله أَعْلَم فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اِسْمه قَالَ " أَلَيْسَتْ الْبَلْدَة ؟ " قُلْنَا بَلَى قَالَ " فَإِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالكُمْ - وَأَحْسِبهُ قَالَ - وَأَعْرَاضكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَام كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمكُمْ هَذَا فِي شَهْركُمْ هَذَا فِي بَلَدكُمْ هَذَا . وَسَتَلْقَوْنَ رَبّكُمْ فَيَسْأَلكُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالكُمْ أَلَا لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي ضُلَّالًا يَضْرِب بَعْضكُمْ رِقَاب بَعْض أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْت ؟ أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغْ الشَّاهِد مِنْكُمْ الْغَائِب فَلَعَلَّ مَنْ يَبْلُغهُ يَكُون أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْض مَنْ سَمِعَهُ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيّ فِي التَّفْسِير وَغَيْره . وَمُسْلِم مِنْ حَدِيث أَيُّوب عَنْ مُحَمَّد وَهُوَ اِبْن سِيرِين عَنْ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن أَبِي بَكْرَة عَنْ أَبِيهِ بِهِ
Narrated by Aboo Bakrah Radiyallahu anhu:Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam made a speech  during his Hajju.He said:The division of time has turned to its original form which was current when Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year is of twelve months, out of which four months are Sacred: Three are in succession Dhul-Qa`dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram, and the fourth is Rajab of the tribe of Mudar which comes between Jumada  and Sha`ban.'' The Prophet then asked:What is the day today? We said, "Allah and His Messenger know better. He kept quiet until we thought that he might give that day another name. He asked :Isn't it the day of Nahr/the Eid ul Azha day? We replied, "Yes.'' He further asked: Which month is this? We again said, "Allah and His Messenger know better,'' and he kept quiet and made us think that he might give it another name. Then he asked:Isn't it the month of Dhul-Hijjah? We replied, "Yes.'' He asked:What town is this? We said, "Allah and His Messenger know better,'' and he kept quiet until we thought that he might change its name. He asked:Isn't this the Sacred Town/Makkah? We said, "Yes.'' He said:''Verily! Your Blood, Property ( and the sub -narrator say 'I think he said 'and  your Honour' too) are Sacred to one another like the Sanctity of this Day of yours, in this Month of yours and in this City of yours. Verily, you will meet your Lord and He will question you about your actions. Behold! Do not revert to misguidance after me by striking the necks of /killing one another. Have I conveyed you the Message? It is incumbent upon those who are present here to inform those who are absent, because some of  those who hear the message from you  might comprehend what I have said better than some people who are present here now. Al-Bukhari and Muslim also have collected this Hadith.
وَقَدْ قَالَ اِبْن جَرِير : حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَر حَدَّثَنَا رَوْح حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَث عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن سِيرِين عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض وَإِنَّ عِدَّة الشُّهُور عِنْد اللَّه اِثْنَا عَشَر شَهْرًا فِي كِتَاب اللَّه يَوْم خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم ثَلَاثَة مُتَوَالِيَات - ذُو الْقَعْدَة وَذُو الْحَجَّة وَالْمُحَرَّم - وَرَجَب مُضَر الَّذِي بَيْن جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان " وَرَوَاهُ الْبَزَّار عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن مَعْمَر بِهِ . ثُمَّ قَالَ لَا يُرْوَى عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَة إِلَّا مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْه وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ اِبْن عَوْن وَقُرَّة عَنْ اِبْن سِيرِين عَنْ عَبْد الرَّحْمَن بْن أَبِي بَكْرَة عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَقَالَ اِبْن جَرِير أَيْضًا : حَدَّثَنِي مُوسَى بْن عَبْد الرَّحْمَن الْمَسْرُوقِيّ حَدَّثَنَا زَيْد بْن حَبَّاب حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْن عُبَيْدَة الرَّبَذِيّ حَدَّثَنِي صَدَقَة بْن يَسَار عَنْ اِبْن عُمَر قَالَ : خَطَبَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّة الْوَدَاع بِمِنًى فِي أَوْسَط أَيَّام التَّشْرِيق فَقَالَ " أَيّهَا النَّاس إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ فَهُوَ الْيَوْم كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض وَإِنَّ عِدَّة الشُّهُور عِنْد اللَّه اِثْنَا عَشَر شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم أَوَّلهنَّ رَجَب مُضَر بَيْن جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان وَذُو الْقَعْدَة وَذُو الْحَجَّة وَالْمُحَرَّم " وَرَوَى اِبْن مَرْدَوَيْهِ مِنْ حَدِيث مُوسَى بْن عُبَيْدَة عَنْ عَبْد اللَّه بْن دِينَار عَنْ اِبْن عُمَر مِثْله أَوْ نَحْوه وَقَالَ حَمَّاد بْن سَلَمَة حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيّ بْن زَيْد عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَة الرَّقَاشِيّ عَنْ عَمّه وَكَانَتْ لَهُ صُحْبَة قَالَ : كُنْت آخِذًا بِزِمَامِ نَاقَة رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَوْسَط أَيَّام التَّشْرِيق أَذُود النَّاس عَنْهُ فَقَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " أَلَا إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض وَإِنَّ عِدَّة الشُّهُور عِنْد اللَّه اِثْنَا عَشَر شَهْرًا فِي كِتَاب اللَّه يَوْم خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ "
Similar reports are quoted above whose translation is not given here.In one report, we see ,after the words ''out of which four months are Sacred', the following words,'
فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ 
Then you shoud not wrong yourselves during those months'.
 وَقَالَ سَعِيد بْن مَنْصُور حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَة عَنْ الْكَلْبِيّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِح عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس فِي قَوْله " مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم "
قَالَ مُحَرَّم وَرَجَب وَذُو الْقَعْدَة وَذُو الْحَجَّة وَقَوْله صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَدِيث " إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض " تَقْرِير مِنْهُ صَلَوَات اللَّه وَسَلَامه عَلَيْهِ وَتَثْبِيت لِلْأَمْرِ عَلَى مَا جَعَلَهُ اللَّه فِي أَوَّل الْأَمْر مِنْ غَيْر تَقْدِيم وَلَا تَأْخِير وَلَا زِيَادَة وَلَا نَقْص وَلَا نَسِيء وَلَا تَبْدِيل كَمَا قَالَ فِي تَحْرِيم مَكَّة " إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَد حَرَّمَهُ اللَّه يَوْم خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض فَهُوَ حَرَام بِحُرْمَة اللَّه تَعَالَى إِلَى يَوْم الْقِيَامَة وَهَكَذَا قَالَ هَهُنَا " إِنَّ الزَّمَان قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض " أَيْ الْأَمْر الْيَوْم شَرْعًا كَمَا اِبْتَدَعَ اللَّه ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابه يَوْم خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض
Ibnu Abbas radiyallahu a'nhu explains the words of Allah,
مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم
''out of which four months are Sacred' that the four months mentioned are Muharam , Rajabu, Dul Qa-ad & Dul-Hajjah.We may understand from the words of the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam,'The division of time has turned to its original form which was current when Allah created the heavens and the earth', that these words are as he said in the case of the Sanctity of Makkah/Haram.He said:
إِنَّ هَذَا الْبَلَد حَرَّمَهُ اللَّه يَوْم خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض فَهُوَ حَرَام بِحُرْمَة اللَّه تَعَالَى إِلَى يَوْم الْقِيَامَة
Know that this City has been made Sacred by Allah since the Day of the creation of the Earth and the Heavens.It is Sacred by the hurmath/Sanctity given by Allah  to it till the Day of Judgement.
 وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْض الْمُفَسِّرِينَ وَالْمُتَكَلِّمِينَ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيث إِنَّ الْمُرَاد بِقَوْلِهِ " قَدْ اِسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْم خَلَقَ اللَّه السَّمَاوَات وَالْأَرْض " أَنَّهُ اِتَّفَقَ أَنَّ حَجّ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَة فِي ذِي الْحَجَّة وَأَنَّ الْعَرَب قَدْ كَانَتْ نَسَأَتْ النَّسِيء يَحُجُّونَ فِي كَثِير مِنْ السِّنِينَ بَلْ أَكْثَرهَا فِي غَيْر ذِي الْحَجَّة وَزَعَمُوا أَنَّ حَجَّة التَّصْدِيق فِي سَنَة تِسْع كَانَتْ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَة وَفِي هَذَا نَظَر كَمَا سَنُبَيِّنُهُ إِذَا تَكَلَّمْنَا عَنْ النَّسِيء وَأَغْرَب مِنْهُ مَا رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيّ عَنْ بَعْض السَّلَف فِي جُمْلَة حَدِيث أَنَّهُ اِتَّفَقَ حَجّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْيَهُود وَالنَّصَارَى فِي يَوْم وَاحِد وَهُوَ يَوْم النَّحْر عَام حَجَّة الْوَدَاع وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم
From the Hadith above Scholars explain that the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam performed Hajju in the month of Dul -Hijjah, in contrary to the Pagan Arabs ,who used to do Nasee-u(Nasee-u is the system followed by  Pagan Arabs  in which they changed the season of the Hajju to suit their needs).Most of them used to perform Hajju in the month of Dul -Qa-ad.Thabrani reports from some Salafs that the Hajju of the Muslims, the Nasaraa and the Yahudis were on the same day/youmunnahru.But this report is Gareeb/rare.And Allah knows the Best.
 . " فَصْل " ذَكَرَ الشَّيْخ عَلَم الدِّين السَّخَاوِيّ فِي جُزْء جَمَعَهُ سَمَّاهُ " الْمَشْهُور فِي أَسْمَاء الْأَيَّام وَالشُّهُور " أَنَّ الْمُحَرَّم سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِكَوْنِهِ شَهْرًا مُحَرَّمًا وَعِنْدِي أَنَّهُ سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ تَأْكِيدًا لِتَحْرِيمِهِ لِأَنَّ الْعَرَب كَانَتْ تَتَقَلَّب بِهِ فَتُحِلّهُ عَامًا وَتُحَرِّمهُ عَامًا قَالَ وَيُجْمَع عَلَى مُحَرَّمَات وَمَحَارِم وَمَحَارِيم
  In a small Book collected by Shaykh `Alam ad-Din As-Sakhawi, entitled,
الْمَشْهُور فِي أَسْمَاء الْأَيَّام وَالشُّهُور
 Al-Mashhur fi Asma' Al-Ayam wash-Shuhur, he mentioned that Muharram is so named because it is a Sacred month. To me, it was so named to emphasize its sacredness. This is because the Arabs would switch it around. One year they would say it was a Sacred month, the following year they would say that it was not.The plural forms of the word Muharam  are,
مُحَرَّمَات   مَحَارِم   مَحَارِيم

 وَصَفَر سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِخُلُوِّ بُيُوتهمْ مِنْهُمْ حِين يَخْرُجُونَ لِلْقِتَالِ وَالْأَسْفَار يُقَال صَفِرَ الْمَكَان إِذَا خَلَا وَيُجْمَع عَلَى أَصْفَار كَجَمَلٍ وَأَجْمَال 
 The author said, "...and Safar is so named because they used to leave their homes during that month for fighting and travelling. When saying `Safir' a al makaan' , it means to leave a place.The plural form of the word,
صَفَر
is
أَصْفَار
Aswfaar.It is just like the word Jamal/camel has the plural form ajmaal.
وَشَهْر رَبِيع الْأَوَّل سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ
 لِارْتِبَاعِهِمْ فِيهِ وَالِارْتِبَاع الْإِقَامَة فِي عِمَارَة الرَّبْع وَيُجْمَع عَلَى أَرْبِعَاء كَنَصِيبِ وَأَنْصِبَاء وَعَلَى أَرْبِعَة كَرَغِيفٍ وَأَرْغِفَة وَرَبِيع الْآخِر كَالْأَوَّلِ
 Rabi` Al-Awwal is called so  because they used to do Irtiba` in it, that is to maintain one's property.And Rabi` Al-Akhir, was so named for the same reasons.It has plural forms as given below
أَرْبِعَاء ,أَرْبِعَة
It is just like we say,
نَصِيبِ وَأَنْصِبَاء,رَغِيفٍ وَأَرْغِفَة

 وَجُمَادَى سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِجُمُودِ الْمَاء فِيهِ 
قَالَ : وَكَانَتْ الشُّهُور فِي حِسَابهمْ لَا تَدُور وَفِي هَذَا نَظَر إِذْ كَانَتْ شُهُورهمْ مَنُوطَة بِالْأَهِلَّةِ فَلَا بُدّ مِنْ دَوَرَانهَا فَلَعَلَّهُمْ سَمَّوْهُ بِذَلِكَ أَوَّل مَا سُمِّيَ عِنْد جُمُود الْمَاء فِي الْبَرْد كَمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِر : وَلَيْلَة مِنْ جُمَادَى ذَات أَنْدِيَة لَا يُبْصِر الْعَبْد فِي ظَلْمَائِهَا الطُّنُبَا لَا يَنْبَح الْكَلْب فِيهَا غَيْر وَاحِدَة حَتَّى يَلُفّ عَلَى خُرْطُومه الذَّنَبَا وَيُجْمَع عَلَى جُمَادَيَات كَحُبَارَى وَحُبَارَيَات وَقَدْ يُذَكَّر وَيُؤَنَّث فَيُقَال جُمَادَى الْأُولَى وَالْأَوَّل وَجُمَادَى الْآخِر وَالْآخِرَة
 Jumada is called so  because the water would dry up (Jamud) then.They say Jumadu ul Awwal and Jumad ul Akhir .In the feminie form it is Jumadaa al oolaa and Jumadaa al akhirah
جُمَادَى الْأُولَى  ,جُمَادَى الْآخِرَة
The plural form is Jumaadayaathu just like
حُبَارَى -حُبَارَيَات

 وَرَجَب مِنْ التَّرْجِيب وَهُوَ التَّعْظِيم وَيُجْمَع عَلَى أَرْجَاب وَرِجَاب وَرُجُبَات
 Rajab comes from Tarjib, meaning to honour.Its plural forms are,
أَرْجَاب وَرِجَاب وَرُجُبَات

 وَشَعْبَان مِنْ تَشَعُّب الْقَبَائِل وَتَفَرُّقهَا لِلْغَارَةِ وَيُجْمَع عَلَى شَعَابِين وَشَعَابَات
 Sha`ban is from the word 
 تَشَعُّب
 because the tribes would separate and return to their homes during this month.
The plural forms are,
شَعَابِين -شَعَابَات

وَرَمَضَان مِنْ شِدَّة الرَّمْضَاء وَهُوَ الْحَرّ يُقَال رَمِضَتْ الْفِصَال إِذَا عَطِشَتْ وَيُجْمَع عَلَى رَمَضَانَات وَرَمَاضِين وَأَرْمِضَة قَالَ : وَقَوْل مَنْ قَالَ إنَّهُ اِسْم مِنْ أَسْمَاء اللَّه خَطَأ لَا يُعَرَّج عَلَيْهِ وَلَا يُلْتَفَت إِلَيْهِ قُلْت : قَدْ وَرَدَ فِي حَدِيث وَلَكِنَّهُ ضَعِيف وَبَيَّنْته فِي أَوَّل كِتَاب الصِّيَام
 Ramadan was so named because of its  severity of the Ramda'/ -  the heat, and they say
 رَمِضَتْ الْفِصَال
 when it is thirsty.And the saying that 
رَمَضَان
Ramadan is one of the  Names of Allah is a mistake, for there is no proof or support for that view.Though there is one Hadith regarding this, it is Da-eefu and hence not authentic. 
 وَشَوَّال مِنْ شَالَتْ الْإِبِل بِأَذْنَابِهَا لِلطِّرَاقِ قَالَ : وَيُجْمَع عَلَى 
The ninth month is Shawwal.Its plural forms are,
شَوَاوِل وَشَوَاوِيل وَشَوَّالَات .

 الْقَعْدَة بِفَتْحِ الْقَاف - قُلْت وَكَسْرهَا - لِقُعُودِهِمْ فِيهِ عَنْ الْقِتَال وَالتَّرْحَال وَيُجْمَع عَلَى ذَوَات الْقَعْدَة
Now, Dul-Qa-ada is the month in which they used to sit in the houses without going to war.Its plural form is,
ذَوَات الْقَعْدَة

 الْحِجَّة بِكَسْرِ الْحَاء - قُلْت وَفَتْحهَا - سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِإِيقَاعِهِمْ الْحَجّ فِيهِ وَيُجْمَع عَلَى ذَوَات الْحِجَّة
The last month Dul-Hijjah or Dul-Hajjah is related to Hajju.Its plural form is,
ذَوَات الْحِجَّة

 أَسْمَاء الْأَيَّام أَوَّلهَا الْأَحَد وَيُجْمَع عَلَى آحَاد وَأَوْحَاد وَوُحُود 
Now , we'll discuss the names of the days of a week.The first day is Youm ul ahad/Sunday.Its plural form is,
آحَاد وَأَوْحَاد وَوُحُود

ثُمَّ يَوْم الِاثْنَيْن وَيُجْمَع عَلَى أَثَانِينَ 
The next day is Youm ul Ithnayn /Monday ,and its plural is Atha'thee'n.

الثُّلَاثَاء يُمَدّ وَيُذَكَّر وَيُؤَنَّث وَيُجْمَع عَلَى ثَلَاثَاوَات وَأَثَالِث 
 Then, Ath-thulathaa-u/Tuesday
الثُّلَاثَاء
Its plural forms are,
ثَلَاثَاوَات وَأَثَالِث

ثُمَّ الْأَرْبِعَاء بِالْمَدِّ وَيُجْمَع عَلَى أَرْبِعَاوَات وَأَرَابِيع
Then it is Arbi-aau/Wednesday 
الْأَرْبِعَاء
The plural forms are,
أَرْبِعَاوَات وَأَرَابِيع

 وَالْخَمِيس يُجْمَع عَلَى أَخْمِسَة وَأَخَامِس 
And the khamees
الْخَمِيس
is Thursday.The plural forms are,
أَخْمِسَة وَأَخَامِس

ثُمَّ الْجُمُعَة بِضَمِّ الْمِيم وَإِسْكَانهَا وَفَتْحهَا أَيْضًا وَيُجْمَع عَلَى جُمَع وَجُمَاعَات .
Then it is Youm ul Jumu-a/Friday-the Jumu-a day.There are readings Jumu-ah and Jum-ah.The plural forms of
الْجُمُعَة
are,
جُمَع وَجُمَاعَات
Juma-u and Jumaa-aathu.
 السَّبْت مَأْخُوذ مِنْ السَّبْت وَهُوَ الْقَطْع لِانْتِهَاءِ الْعَدَد عِنْده
The last day of the week is , 
السَّبْت
As-sabthu/the Saturday.
 وَكَانَتْ الْعَرَب تُسَمِّي الْأَيَّام أَوَّل ثُمَّ أَهْوَن ثُمَّ جُبَار ثُمَّ دُبَار ثُمَّ مُؤْنِس ثُمَّ الْعَرُوبَة ثُمَّ شِيَار قَالَ الشَّاعِر مِنْ الْعَرَب الْعَرْبَاء الْعَارِبَة الْمُتَقَدِّمِينَ : أُرَجِّي أَنْ أَعِيش وَإِنَّ يَوْمِي بِأَوَّل أَوْ بِأَهْوَن أَوْ جُبَار أَوْ التَّالِي دُبَار فَإِنْ أَفُتْهُ فَمُؤْنِس أَوْ عَرُوبَة أَوْ شِيَار
...................................
 وَقَوْله تَعَالَى " مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَة حُرُم " فَهَذَا مِمَّا كَانَتْ الْعَرَب أَيْضًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّة تُحَرِّمهُ وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ عَلَيْهِ جُمْهُورهمْ إِلَّا طَائِفَة مِنْهُمْ يُقَال لَهُمْ الْبَسْل كَانُوا يُحَرِّمُونَ مِنْ السَّنَة ثَمَانِيَة أَشْهُر تَعَمُّقًا وَتَشْدِيدًا
Allah said,

﴿مِنْهَآ أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ﴾

(of them four are sacred). The Arabs used to consider these months sacred during the time of Jahiliyyah, except for a group of them called Al-Basl, who held eight months of the year to be sacred as a way of exaggeration or going to the extreme .
 وَأَمَّا قَوْله " ثَلَاثَة مُتَوَالِيَات ذُو الْقَعْدَة وَذُو الْحَجَّة وَالْمُحَرَّم وَرَجَب مُضَر الَّذِي بَيْن جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان " فَإِنَّمَا أَضَافَهُ إِلَى مُضَر لِيُبَيِّن صِحَّة قَوْلهمْ فِي رَجَب أَنَّهُ الشَّهْر الَّذِي بَيْن جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان لَا كَمَا تَظُنّهُ رَبِيعَة مِنْ أَنَّ رَجَب الْمُحَرَّم هُوَ الشَّهْر الَّذِي بَيْن شَعْبَان وَشَوَّال وَهُوَ رَمَضَان الْيَوْم فَبَيَّنَ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ رَجَب مُضَر لَا رَجَب رَبِيعَة 
The Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam said,
«ثَلَاثَةٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ: ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ وَالْمُحَرَّمُ وَرَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَان»
(Three months are in succession; Dhul-Qa`dah, Dhul-Hijjah and Muharram, and the fourth is Rajab of the tribe of Mudar which comes between Jumada and Sha`ban. The Prophet said "Rajab of Mudar'' to attest to the custom of Mudar, in saying that Rajab is the month that is between Jumada and Sha`ban, not as the tribe of Rabi`ah who considered  that it is between Sha`ban and Shawwal, which is Ramadan in the present calendar. 
وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتْ الْأَشْهُر الْمُحَرَّمَة أَرْبَعَة ثَلَاثَة سَرْد وَوَاحِد فَرْد لِأَجْلِ أَدَاء مَنَاسِك الْحَجّ وَالْعُمْرَة فَحَرَّمَ قَبْل أَشْهُر الْحَجّ شَهْرًا وَهُوَ ذُو الْقَعْدَة لِأَنَّهُمْ يَقْعُدُونَ فِيهِ عَنْ الْقِتَال وَحَرَّمَ شَهْر ذِي الْحَجَّة لِأَنَّهُمْ يُوقِعُونَ فِيهِ الْحَجّ وَيَشْتَغِلُونَ بِأَدَاءِ الْمَنَاسِك وَحَرَّمَ بَعْده شَهْرًا آخَر وَهُوَ الْمُحَرَّم لِيَرْجِعُوا فِيهِ إِلَى أَقْصَى بِلَادهمْ آمِنِينَ وَحَرَّمَ رَجَب فِي وَسَط الْحَوْل لِأَجْلِ زِيَارَة الْبَيْت وَالِاعْتِمَار بِهِ لِمَنْ يَقْدَم إِلَيْهِ مِنْ أَقْصَى جَزِيرَة الْعَرَب فَيَزُورهُ ثُمَّ يَعُود إِلَى وَطَنه فِيهِ آمِنًا
The four Sacred Months were made four, three in succession and one alone, so that the Hajj and `Umrah are performed with ease. Dhul-Qa`dah, the month before the Hajj month, was made sacred because they refrained from fighting during that month. Dhul-Hijjah, the next month, was made sacred because it is the month of Hajj, during which they performed Hajj rituals. Muharram, which comes next, was made sacred so that they were able to go back to their areas in safety after performing Hajj. Rajab, in the middle of the lunar year, was made sacred so that those coming from the farthest areas of Arabia were able to perform `Umrah and visit the House and then go back to their areas safely. 
 وَقَوْله " ذَلِكَ الدِّين الْقَيِّم " أَيْ هَذَا هُوَ الشَّرْع الْمُسْتَقِيم مِنْ اِمْتِثَال أَمْر اللَّه فِيمَا جَعَلَ مِنْ الْأَشْهُر الْحُرُم وَالْحَذْو بِهَا عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ مِنْ كِتَاب اللَّه الْأَوَّل
ذَلِكَ الدِّين الْقَيِّم
Allah said next,
﴿ذلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ﴾
(That is the right religion), that is the Straight Law, requiring implementing Allah's order concerning the months that He made them sacred and their true count as it was originally written by Allah
 قَالَ تَعَالَى " فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ " أَيْ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَشْهُر الْمُحَرَّمَة لِأَنَّهَا آكَد وَأَبْلَغ فِي الْإِثْم مِنْ غَيْرهَا كَمَا أَنَّ الْمَعَاصِي فِي الْبَلَد الْحَرَام تُضَاعَف لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى " وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَاب أَلِيم " وَكَذَا الشَّهْر الْحَرَام تَغْلُظ فِيهِ الْآثَام وَلِهَذَا تَغْلُظ فِيهِ الدِّيَة فِي مَذْهَب الشَّافِعِيّ وَطَائِفَة كَثِيرَة مِنْ الْعُلَمَاء وَكَذَا فِي حَقّ مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي الْحَرَم أَوْ قَتَلَ ذَا مَحْرَم
Allah said,
﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾
(so wrong not yourselves therein) during these Sacred Months, for sin in them is worse than sin in other months. Likewise, sins in the Sacred City are written multiplied.In Surah Al Hajju  25 we see,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاء الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ وَالْبَادِ وَمَن يُرِدْ فِيهِ بِإِلْحَادٍ بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
Indeed, those who have disbelieved and avert people from the way of Allah and from al-Masjid al-Haram, which We made for the people - equal are the resident therein and one from outside; and also whoever intends a deed therein of deviation in religion or wrong doing , We will make him taste of a painful punishment.

Likewise,the punishment of sins done during the Sacred months will be multiplied, and as such the diyathu - blood money given to the heirs of the deceased person-will be multiplied as per the view of Imam Shafi-ee and many other Scholars.And similar is the case of killing in the Haram at Makkah and killing a Mahram.
 وَقَالَ حَمَّاد بْن سَلَمَة عَنْ عَلِيّ بْن زَيْد عَنْ يُوسُف بْن مَهْرَان عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس فِي قَوْله " فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ " قَالَ فِي الشُّهُور كُلّهَا وَقَالَ عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَلْحَة عَنْ اِبْن عَبَّاس قَوْله " إِنَّ عِدَّة الشُّهُور عِنْد اللَّه " الْآيَة فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ فِي كُلّهنَّ ثُمَّ اِخْتَصَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَرْبَعَة أَشْهُر فَجَعَلَهُنَّ حَرَامًا وَعَظَّمَ حُرُمَاتهنَّ وَجَعَلَ الذَّنْب فِيهِنَّ أَعْظَم وَالْعَمَل الصَّالِح وَالْأَجْر أَعْظَم 

Similarly, sin in general is worse during the Sacred Months `Ali bin Abi Talhah narrated that Ibn `Abbas said, Allah's statement,
﴿إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِندَ اللَّهِ﴾
(Verily, the number of months with Allah...), is connected to
﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾
(so wrong not yourselves therein),It means ''doing sins in all the twelve months'', Allah then chose four out of these months and made them Sacred, emphasizing their Sanctity, making sinning in them greater, in addition to, multiplying rewards of righteous deeds during them.
وَقَالَ قَتَادَة فِي قَوْله " فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ " إِنَّ الظُّلْم فِي الْأَشْهُر الْحُرُم أَعْظَم خَطِيئَة وَوِزْرًا مِنْ الظُّلْم فِيمَا سِوَاهَا . وَإِنْ كَانَ الظُّلْم عَلَى كُلّ حَال عَظِيمًا وَلَكِنَّ اللَّه يُعَظِّم مِنْ أَمْره مَا يَشَاء وَقَالَ : إِنَّ اللَّه اِصْطَفَى صَفَايَا مِنْ خَلْقه اِصْطَفَى مِنْ الْمَلَائِكَة رُسُلًا وَمِنْ النَّاس رُسُلًا وَاصْطَفَى مِنْ الْكَلَام ذِكْره وَاصْطَفَى مِنْ الْأَرْض الْمَسَاجِد وَاصْطَفَى مِنْ الشُّهُور رَمَضَان وَالْأَشْهُر الْحُرُم وَاصْطَفَى مِنْ الْأَيَّام يَوْم الْجُمُعَة وَاصْطَفَى مِنْ اللَّيَالِي لَيْلَة الْقَدْر فَعَظِّمُوا مَا عَظَّمَ اللَّه .
فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ 
 فَإِنَّمَا تَعْظِيم الْأُمُور بِمَا عَظَّمَهَا اللَّه بِهِ عِنْد أَهْل الْفَهْم وَأَهْل الْعَقْل وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيّ عَنْ قَيْس بْن مُسْلِم عَنْ الْحَسَن عَنْ مُحَمَّد بْن الْحَنَفِيَّة بِأَنْ لَا تُحَرِّمُوهُنَّ كَحُرْمَتِهِنَّ
 Qatadah said about Allah's statement,
﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾
(so wrong not yourselves therein), "Injustice during the Sacred Months is worse and graver than injustice in other months. Verily, injustice is always wrong, but Allah makes some items/things  graver than  other items/things  as He will.'' He also said, "Allah has chosen some of His creation above others. He chose Messengers from angels and from men. He also chose His Speech above all speech, the Masajid/Mosques above other areas of the earth, Ramadan and the Sacred Months above all months, Friday above the other days and Laylatul-Qadr (The Night of Decree) above all nights. Therefore, sanctify what Allah has sanctified, for doing so is the practice of people of understanding and comprehension.''
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 وَقَالَ مُحَمَّد بْن إِسْحَاق " فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ " أَيْ لَا تَجْعَلُوا حَرَامَهَا حَلَالًا وَلَا حَلَالهَا حَرَامًا كَمَا فَعَلَ أَهْل الشِّرْك فَإِنَّمَا النَّسِيء الَّذِي كَانُوا يَصْنَعُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ زِيَادَة فِي الْكُفْر " يُضَلّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا " الْآيَة وَهَذَا الْقَوْل اِخْتِيَار اِبْن جَرِير

Muhammad bnu Is-haq said about Allah's statement,
﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾
(so wrong not yourselves therein):It means that one should not make the halal/permitted things in it as haraam/prohibited things and viceversa.It  condemns Nsee-u which was a pagan custom in which they changed Sanctity of the Sacred Months to suit their needs.Ibnu Jareer rahmathullahi a'lyhi opted this view. 
 وَقَوْله " وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّة " أَيْ جَمِيعكُمْ " كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّة " أَيْ جَمِيعهمْ " وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ اللَّه مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
Allah said,
﴿وَقَاتِلُواْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَآفَّةً﴾
(and fight against the idolators collectively), all of you,
﴿كَمَا يُقَـتِلُونَكُمْ كَآفَّةً﴾
(as they fight against you collectively.), all of them,
﴿وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ﴾
(But know that Allah is with those who have Taqwa/Piety)
وَقَدْ اِخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاء فِي تَحْرِيم
 اِبْتِدَاء الْقِتَال فِي الشَّهْر الْحَرَام هَلْ هُوَ مَنْسُوخ أَوْ مُحْكَم عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ
Now as regards to the ruling of the prohibition of war during the Sacred months, as to whether the ruling is abrogated or not, there are two views among the Scholars
 " أَحَدهمَا " وَهُوَ الْأَشْهَر أَنَّهُ مَنْسُوخ لِأَنَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ هَهُنَا " فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسكُمْ " وَأَمَرَ بِقِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَظَاهِر السِّيَاق مُشْعِر بِأَنَّهُ أَمَرَ بِذَلِكَ أَمْرًا عَامًّا وَلَوْ كَانَ مُحَرَّمًا فِي الشَّهْر الْحَرَام لَأَوْشَكَ أَنْ يُقَيِّدهُ بِانْسِلَاخِهَا وَلِأَنَّ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَاصَرَ أَهْل الطَّائِف فِي شَهْر حَرَام وَهُوَ ذُو الْقَعْدَة كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ إِلَى هَوَازِن فِي شَوَّال فَلَمَّا كَسَرَهُمْ وَاسْتَفَاءَ أَمْوَالهمْ وَرَجَعَ فَلّهمْ لَجَئُوا إِلَى الطَّائِف فَعَمَدَ إِلَى الطَّائِف فَحَاصَرَهُمْ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا وَانْصَرَفَ وَلَمْ يَفْتَحهَا فَثَبَتَ أَنَّهُ حَاصَرَ فِي الشَّهْر الْحَرَام
The famous/ash-har view is that the ruling is abrogated/mansookh.They say after Allah's words,﴿فَلاَ تَظْلِمُواْ فِيهِنَّ أَنفُسَكُمْ﴾
(so wrong not yourselves therein), Allah said to fight with Mushrikeen just as they fight with the Muslims.Also Scholars of this group advocate that the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam fought with the people of Thwa-if during the Sacred month(Note:This was when they innitiated the attack and also it had started before the Sacred month) 
 وَالْقَوْل الْآخَر أَنَّ اِبْتِدَاء الْقِتَال فِي الشَّهْر الْحَرَام حَرَام وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُنْسَخ تَحْرِيم الشَّهْر الْحَرَام لِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى " يَا أَيّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تُحِلُّوا شَعَائِر اللَّه وَلَا الشَّهْر الْحَرَام " وَقَالَ " الشَّهْر الْحَرَام بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَام وَالْحُرُمَات قِصَاص فَمَنْ اِعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اِعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ " الْآيَة وَقَالَ " فَإِذَا اِنْسَلَخَ الْأَشْهُر الْحُرُم فَاقْتُلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ " الْآيَة وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهَا الْأَرْبَعَة الْمُقَرَّرَة فِي كُلّ سَنَة لَا أَشْهُر التَّسْيِير عَلَى أَحَد الْقَوْلَيْنِ .
The second view is that the RULING OF THE PROHIBITION OF WAR DURING THE SACRED MONTHS IS NOT ABROGATED AT ALL.The Quranic verses given below support this view. We see in Surah Ma-idah verse 2,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ لاَ تُحِلُّواْ شَعَآئِرَ اللّهِ وَلاَ الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَلاَ الْهَدْيَ وَلاَ الْقَلآئِدَ وَلا آمِّينَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلاً مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَانًا وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُواْ وَلاَ يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ أَن صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَن تَعْتَدُواْ وَتَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى الْبرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلاَ تَعَاوَنُواْ عَلَى الإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَاتَّقُواْ اللّهَ إِنَّ اللّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
O you who have believed, do not violate the rites of Allah or [the sanctity of] the sacred month or [neglect the marking of] the sacrificial animals and garlanding them or [violate the safety of] those coming to the Sacred House seeking bounty from their Lord and His approval. But when you come out of ihram, then you may hunt. And do not let the hatred of a people for having obstructed you from al-Masjid al-Haram lead you to transgress. And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. And fear Allah ; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty.

Also see verse 194 of Surah Al Baqarah,
الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُواْ عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ وَاتَّقُواْ اللَّهَ وَاعْلَمُواْ أَنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الْمُتَّقِينَ
Fighting in the sacred month is for [aggression committed in] the sacred month, and for all violations is legal retribution. So whoever has assaulted you, then assault him in the same way that he has assaulted you. And fear Allah and know that Allah is with those who fear Him.

Also see verse 5 of Surah At-thoubah
فَإِذَا انسَلَخَ الأَشْهُرُ الْحُرُمُ فَاقْتُلُواْ الْمُشْرِكِينَ حَيْثُ وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ وَخُذُوهُمْ وَاحْصُرُوهُمْ وَاقْعُدُواْ لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ فَإِن تَابُواْ وَأَقَامُواْ الصَّلاَةَ وَآتَوُاْ الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّواْ سَبِيلَهُمْ إِنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
And when the sacred months have passed, then kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush. But if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them [go] on their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
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 وَأَمَّا قَوْله تَعَالَى " وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّة كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّة " فَيَحْتَمِل أَنَّهُ مُنْقَطِع عَمَّا قَبْله وَأَنَّهُ حُكْم مُسْتَأْنَف وَيَكُون مِنْ بَاب التَّهْيِيج وَالتَّحْضِيض أَيْ كَمَا يَجْتَمِعُونَ لِحَرْبِكُمْ إِذَا حَارَبُوكُمْ فَاجْتَمِعُوا أَنْتُمْ أَيْضًا لَهُمْ إِذَا حَارَبْتُمُوهُمْ وَقَاتِلُوهُمْ بِنَظِيرِ مَا يَفْعَلُونَ وَيَحْتَمِل أَنَّهُ إِذْن لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِقِتَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي الشَّهْر الْحَرَام إِذَا كَانَتْ الْبُدَاءَة مِنْهُمْ كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى " الشَّهْر الْحَرَام بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَام وَالْحُرُمَات قِصَاص " وَقَالَ تَعَالَى " وَلَا تُقَاتِلُوهُمْ عِنْد الْمَسْجِد الْحَرَام حَتَّى يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ قَاتَلُوكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوهُمْ " الْآيَة .
وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّة  كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّة


 (PLEASE NOTE):FROM THE STATEMENT OF ALLAH,
وَقَاتِلُوا الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَافَّة كَمَا يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ كَافَّة
'and fight against the idolators collectively all of you,
as they fight against you collectively all of them'',WE CAN UNDERSTAND THAT FIGHTING WITH THE MUSHRIKEEN IS PERMITTED IN THE SACRED MONTHS ONLY IF THE MUSHRIKEEN INITIATED ATTACKS ,IN THOSE MONTHS, AGAINST MUSLIMS.
This means that if they they prepare, organise and started attacking Muslims with weapons in the Sared months, then Muslims should also retaliate in defence.
(please note:It is not be understood that fighting with innocent non-Muslims is permitted during other times/months.Here ,in Sacred Months fighting is prohibited even as a reply to an earlier attack on Muslims. BUT PERMISSION IN SACRED MONTHS IS TO RETALIATE THE ATTACKS INITIATED BY MUSHRIKEEN DURING THE SACRED MONTHS ONLY.But such a prohibition is not there in the case of other months, i.e, during other months fighting is allowed against the earlier attacks by Mushrikeen also)
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 وَهَكَذَا الْجَوَاب عَنْ حِصَار رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَهْل الطَّائِف وَاسْتِصْحَابه الْحِصَار إِلَى أَنْ دَخَلَ الشَّهْر الْحَرَام فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ تَتِمَّة قِتَال هَوَازِن وَأَحْلَافهَا مِنْ ثَقِيف فَإِنَّهُمْ هُمْ الَّذِينَ اِبْتَدَءُوا الْقِتَال وَجَمَعُوا الرِّجَال وَدَعَوْا إِلَى الْحَرْب وَالنِّزَال فَعِنْدَمَا قَصَدَهُمْ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فَلَمَّا تَحَصَّنُوا بِالطَّائِفِ ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ لِيُنْزِلهُمْ مِنْ حُصُونهمْ فَنَالُوا مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَتَلُوا جَمَاعَة وَاسْتَمَرَّ الْحِصَار بِالْمَجَانِيقِ وَغَيْرهَا قَرِيبًا مِنْ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا وَكَانَ اِبْتِدَاؤُهُ فِي شَهْر حَلَال وَدَخَلَ الشَّهْر الْحَرَام فَاسْتَمَرَّ فِيهِ أَيَّامًا ثُمَّ قَفَلَ عَنْهُمْ لِأَنَّهُ يُغْتَفَر فِي الدَّوَام مَا لَا يُغْتَفَر فِي الِابْتِدَاء وَهَذَا أَمْر مُقَرَّر وَلَهُ نَظَائِر كَثِيرَة وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم وَلْنَذْكُرْ الْأَحَادِيث الْوَارِدَة فِي ذَلِكَ . وَقَدْ حَرَّرْنَا ذَلِكَ فِي السِّيرَة وَاَللَّه أَعْلَم
Now, likewise, as regards to the fighting of the Prophet swallallahiu alyhi wa sallam with the people of Tha-if they explain that,this was when the people of Tha-if  innitiated attack against Muslims and also it had started before the Sacred month , though it  covered a few days of the Scred month .And Allah knows the best.