Assalamu a'lykum my dear respected brothers and sisters
Today we'll learn one Hadith regarding the singing of songs by girls in the House of Ayisha radiyallahu a'nhaa, in the presence of Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam.The Hadith with Sharahu is given below.Actually, the second part of this Hadith is about the watching of Ayisha ra'diyallahiu anhaa the plays of Ethiopians in the presence of Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam.The Sharahu of the second part will, in shaa Allah, be given later.
صحيح البخاري مع فتح الباري
Sahih ul Bukhari
كتاب العيدين
Kithab ul Eedaini
Book of Two Festivals
باب الْحِرَابِ وَالدَّرَقِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ
Chapter: A display of spears and shields on 'Eid Festival day
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرٌو، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأَسَدِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعِنْدِي جَارِيَتَانِ تُغَنِّيَانِ بِغِنَاءِ بُعَاثَ، فَاضْطَجَعَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ وَحَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ، وَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَانْتَهَرَنِي وَقَالَ مِزْمَارَةُ الشَّيْطَانِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ " دَعْهُمَا " فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ غَمَزْتُهُمَا فَخَرَجَتَا.
وَكَانَ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ يَلْعَبُ السُّودَانُ بِالدَّرَقِ وَالْحِرَابِ، فَإِمَّا سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَإِمَّا قَالَ " تَشْتَهِينَ تَنْظُرِينَ ". فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ. فَأَقَامَنِي وَرَاءَهُ خَدِّي عَلَى خَدِّهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ " دُونَكُمْ يَا بَنِي أَرْفِدَةَ ". حَتَّى إِذَا مَلِلْتُ قَالَ " حَسْبُكِ ". قُلْتُ نَعَمْ. قَالَ " فَاذْهَبِي ".
Narrated Aisha rad'iyallaahu a'nhaa:
Rasoolullahi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam came to my house while two girls were singing beside me the songs of Buath (a story about the war between the two tribes of the Ansar, the Khazraj and the Aus, that occured before their embracing Islam). Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam lay down and turned his face to the other side. Then Abu Bakr rad'iyallaahu a'nhu came and spoke to me harshly saying, "Musical instruments of Satan near the Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam ?" Rasoolullahi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam turned his face towards him and said, "Leave them." When Abu Bakr became inattentive, I signalled to those girls to go out and they left.
(Now another incident reported by A'yisha rad'iyallaahu a'nhaa):
It was the day of `Id, and the Black people(Ethiopians) were playing with shields and spears; so either I requested Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam or he asked me whether I would like to see the display. I replied in the affirmative. Then Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam made me stand behind him and my cheek was touching his cheek and he was saying, "Carry on! O Bani Arfida," till I got tired. Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam asked me, "Are you satisfied (Is that sufficient for you)?" I replied in the affirmative and he told me to leave.
Now , in shaa Allah, we'll see the explanation of this Hadith as given in in Fath'hul Bari of Imam Ibnu Hajar al Asqalani, the explanatory Book on Sahih ul Bukhari.The Arabic text in full and its gist in English given here.
قَوْلُهُ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ كَذَا لِلْأَكْثَرِ غَيْرُ مَنْسُوبٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وبن عَسَاكِرَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى وَبِهِ جَزَمَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ وَوَقْعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَبُّوَيْهِ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ وَهُوَ مُقْتَضَى إِطْلَاقِ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّكَنِ حَيْثُ قَالَ كُلُّ مَا فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ حَدثنَا أَحْمد غير مَنْسُوب فَهُوَ بن صَالح قَوْله أخبرنَا عَمْرو هُوَ بن الْحَارِثِ الْمِصْرِيُّ وَشَطْرُ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ الْأَوَّلِ مِصْرِيُّونَ وَالثَّانِي مَدَنِيُّونَ
Here Bukhari says 'Hadda'tha'naa Ahmad-He is the son of Swaalih/Ibnu swwaalih.Half of the reporters of this Hadith are Makkis while the other half are Madanis.
قَوْلُهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ فِي أَيَّامِ مِنًى وَسَيَأْتِي بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بَابًا
In the report by Zuhri from Urva Ayisha rad'iyallaahu a'nhaa says:''there came Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam during one of 'my' nights''.
قَوْلُهُ جَارِيَتَانِ زَادَ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ مِنْ جَوَارِي الْأَنْصَارِ وَلِلطَّبَرَانِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا كَانَتْ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَفِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ لِلسُّلَمِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَتَا لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَفِي الْعِيدَيْنِ لِابْنِ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ طَرِيقِ فُلَيْحٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ وَحَمَامَةَ وَصَاحِبَتِهَا تُغَنِّيَانِ وَإِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ وَلَمْ أَقِفْ عَلَى تَسْمِيَةِ الْأُخْرَى لَكِنْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اسْمُ الثَّانِيَةِ زَيْنَبَ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ حَمَامَةَ الَّذِينَ صَنَّفُوا فِي الصَّحَابَةِ وَهِيَ عَلَى شَرْطِهِمْ
The two girls were Ansari girls as it is evident from the next Babu.There are various reports regarding them.One was with the name Zainaba.
قَوْلُهُ تُغَنِّيَانِ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ تُدَفِّفَانِ بِفَاءَيْنِ أَيْ تَضْرِبَانِ بِالدُّفِّ وَلِمُسْلِمٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ أَيْضًا تُغَنِّيَانِ بِدُفٍّ وَلِلنَّسَائِيِّ بِدُفَّيْنِ وَالدُّفُّ بِضَمِّ الدَّالِ عَلَى الْأَشْهَرِ وَقَدْ تُفْتَحُ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ أَيْضًا الْكِرْبَالُ بِكَسْرِ الْكَافِ وَهُوَالَّذِي لَا جَلَاجِلَ فِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ فَهُوَ الْمِزْهَرُ
In the report of Zuhari we see the words
تُدَفِّفَانِ
'both of them were playing Daff-a musical insrument.
In the report of Muslim the words used are,
تُغَنِّيَانِ بِدُفٍّ
'they were playing with Duff'.In the report of Nasa-i also we see that they were playing Daffs.The word 'duff' and 'daff' are used .Duff is the prominent/famous usage.It is also called 'kirbaal'.If it is with bell /jaras then it is called mis-har.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْبَابِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ بِمَا تَقَاوَلَتْ بِهِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ أَيْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ مِنْ فَخْرٍ أَوْ هِجَاءٍ وَلِلْمُصَنِّفِ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ بِمَا تَعَازَفَتْ بِمُهْمَلَةٍ وَزَايٍ وَفَاءٍ مِنَ الْعَزْفِ وَهُوَ الصَّوْتُ الَّذِي لَهُ دَوِيٌّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ تَقَاذَفَتْ بِقَافٍ بَدَلَ الْعَيْنِ وَذَالٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ بَدَلَ الزَّايِ وَهُوَ مِنَ الْقَذْفِ وَهُوَ هِجَاءُ بَعْضِهِمْ لِبَعْضِ
The were singing the songs about 'bu-athu'.The 'bu-athu songs' were songs sung by two groups provoking and laughing at each other
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وَلِأَحْمَدَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ فِيهِ صَنَادِيدُ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ اه وَبُعَاثٌ بِضَمِّ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ وَبَعْدَهَا مُهْمَلَةٌ وَآخِرُهُ مُثَلَّثَةٌ قَالَ عِيَاضٌ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ أَعْجَمَهَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَة وَحده. وَقَالَ بن الْأَثِيرِ فِي الْكَامِلِ أَعْجَمَهَا صَاحِبُ الْعَيْنِ يَعْنِي الْخَلِيلَ وَحْدَهُ وَكَذَا حَكَى أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْبَكْرِيُّ فِي مُعْجَمِ الْبُلْدَانِ عَنِ الْخَلِيلِ وَجَزَمَ أَبُو مُوسَى فِي ذَيْلِ الْغَرِيبِ بِأَنَّهُ تَصْحِيفٌ وَتَبِعَهُ صَاحِبُ النِّهَايَةِ قَالَ الْبَكْرِيُّ هُوَ مَوْضِعٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى لَيْلَتَيْنِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى وَصَاحِبُ النِّهَايَة هُوَ اسْمُ حِصْنٍ لِلْأَوْسِ وَفِي كِتَابِ أَبِي الْفَرَجِ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ أَبِي قَيْسِ بْنِ الْأَسْلَتِ هُوَ مَوْضِعٌ فِي دَارِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِيهِ أَمْوَالٌ لَهُمْ وَكَانَ مَوْضِعُ الْوَقْعَةِ فِي مَزْرَعَةٍ لَهُمْ هُنَاكَ وَلَا مُنَافَاةَ بَيْنَ ا
لْقَوْلَيْنِ. وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْمَطَالِعِ الْأَشْهَرُ فِيهِ تَرْكُ الصَّرْفِ
In the report of Imam Ahmad,we see 'the day of Bu-athu' was the day on which the soldiers of the the tribes of 'Aus' and 'Khasraj' were killed during the war between them in the pre-Islamic period.It is said that 'Bu-ath' was the name of the fort of 'Aus'.Also there are views that it was a place in Mdinah and it was used by the tribe of Banoo Quraida to store their crops.
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قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُورٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْعَرَبِ كَانَتْ فِيهِ مَقْتَلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ لِلْأَوْسِ عَلَى الْخَزْرَجِ وَبَقِيَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَائِمَةً مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ سنة إِلَى الْإِسْلَام على مَا ذكر بن إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ.قُلْتُ تَبِعَهُ عَلَى هَذَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ شُرَّاحِ الصَّحِيحَيْنِ وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ لِأَنَّهُ يُوهِمُ أَنَّ الْحَرْبَ الَّتِي وَقَعَتْ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ دَامَتْ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةَ وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ فَسَيَأْتِي فِي أَوَائِلِ الْهِجْرَةِ قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ كَانَ يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ يَوْمًا قَدَّمَهُ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَدِ افْتَرَقَ ملؤهم وَقتلت سراتهم وَكَذَا ذكره بن إِسْحَاقَ وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْأَخْبَارِ وَقَدْ روى بن سَعْدٍ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ أَنَّ النَّفَرَ السِّتَّةَ أَوِ الثَّمَانِيَةَ الَّذِينَ لَقُوا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِنًى أَوَّلُ مَنْ لَقِيَهُ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ وَكَانُوا قَدْ قَدِمُوا إِلَى مَكَّةَ لِيُحَالِفُوا قُرَيْشًا كَانَ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا قَالُوهُ لَهُ لَمَّا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَالنَّصْرِ لَهُ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بُعَاثٍ عَامَ الْأَوَّلِ فَمَوْعِدُكُ الْمَوْسِمُ الْقَابِلُ فَقَدِمُوا فِي السَّنَةِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا فَبَايَعُوهُ وَهِيَ الْبَيْعَةُ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ قَدِمُوا الثَّانِيَةَ فَبَايَعُوهُ وَهُمْ سَبْعُونَ نَفْسًا وَهَاجَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَوَائِلِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ وَقْعَةَ بُعَاثٍ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ وَهُوَ الْمُعْتَمَدُ وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْ قَول بن عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ زِيدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ من الِاسْتِيعَاب إِنَّه كَانَ يَوْم بُعَاث بن سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَحِينَ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ بن إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ فَيَكُونُ يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِخَمْسِ سِنِينَ
The war of 'Bu-athu' was just before five years before Hijrah and the event was very popular among them.
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نَعَمْ دَامَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ الْحَيَّيْنِ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ الْمُدَّةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا فِي أَيَّامٍ كَثِيرَة شهيرة وَكَانَ أَولهَا فِيمَا ذكر بن إِسْحَاقَ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا أَنَّ الْأَوْسَ وَالْخَزْرَجَ لَمَّا نَزَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدُوا الْيَهُودَ مُسْتَوْطِنِينَ بِهَا فَحَالَفُوهُمْ وَكَانُوا تَحْتَ قَهْرِهِمْ ثُمَّ غَلَبُوا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ بِمُسَاعَدَةِ أَبِي جَبَلَةَ مَلِكِ غَسَّانَ فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا عَلَى اتِّفَاقٍ بَيْنَهُمْ حَتَّى كَانَتْ أَوَّلَ حَرْبٍ وَقَعَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ حَرْبُ سُمَيْرٍ بِالْمُهْمَلَةِ مُصَغَّرًا بِسَبَبِ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ كَعْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى مَالِكِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ الْخَزْرَجِيِّ فَحَالَفَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ يُقَالُ لَهُ سُمَيْرٌ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَبَبَ الْحَرْبِ بَيْنَ الْحَيَّيْنِ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَائِعُ مِنْ أَشْهَرِهَا يَوْمُ السَّرَارَةَ بِمُهْمَلَاتٍ وَيَوْمُ فَارِعٍ بِفَاءٍ وَمُهْمَلَةٍ وَيَوْمُ الْفِجَارِ الْأَوَّلِ وَالثَّانِي وَحَرْبُ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ الْأَسْلَتِ وَحَرْبُ حَاطِبِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ إِلَى أَنْ كَانَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمُ بُعَاث
There occurred a number of wars among the two tribes of Aus & Khasraj for long periods for different reasons and these were before their embracing Islam.Ibnu Is-haq, Hishamu Bnu al Kalbi and others report that,when the tribes of Aus & Khasraj came in Madinah Jews were the inhabitants there.They made treaty with the Jews and initially they were under the control of the Jews.But later they overpowered the Jews, and it is a long story , and it was with the help of King Aboo Jabalah, the king of Gazzan. For a long time , both the tribes lived amicably.But the first war errupted between the two tribes of Aus & Khasraj because of a man from the tribe of Banee Tha'alaba.His name was Ka'abu .He was the guest of Maliku bnu Ajlan al Khazraji and he had made treaty with him.Then a man from the tribe of Aus, namely Sumair, killed that man.This was the cause of the erruption of the first war between the tribes of Aus & Khasraj.Then there occurred between them so many wars.Youmu ssararah,Youmu Faari-u, Youmu ul Fijar the First, Youmu ul Fijar the Second,War of Huswainu bnu Aslath,War of Hathwib bnu Qais and Bu-athu are the important wars fought between the two tribes of Aus & Khasraj.The last one was the war of Bu-ath.
وَكَانَ رَئِيسَ الْأَوْسِ فِيهِ حُضَيْرٌ وَالِدَ أَسِيدٍ وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ حُضَيْرُ الْكَتَائِبِ وَجُرِحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَ مُدَّةٍ مِنْ جِرَاحَتِهِ وَكَانَ رَئِيسُ الْخَزْرَجِ عَمْرَو بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ وَجَاءَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْقِتَالِ فَصَرَعَهُ فَهُزِمُوا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانُوا قَدِ اسْتَظْهَرُوا وَلِحَسَّانَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ وَكَذَا لِقَيْسِ بْنِ الْحُطَيْمِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَشْعَارٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مَشْهُورَةٌ فِي دَوَاوِينِهِمْ
In the war of Bu-ath,the Captain of the tribe of Aus was Hudair ul Katha-ibu.He was injured during the war and after a few days he died out of that injury.The Captain of Khazraj was Amru bnu Nu'aman and he was hit by an arrow during the war. Hence there were many songs spread among them about those wars and many of the famous songs were recorded in their books. (Note:The girls mentioned in this Hadith were singing such songs about the valour and actions of soldiers)
قَوْلُهُ فَاضْطَجَعَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيّ الْمَذْكُورَة أَنه تغشى بِثَوْبِهِ وَفِي رِوَايَة لمُسلم تَسَجَّى أَيْ الْتَفَّ بِثَوْبِهِ
In the report of Muslim & Zuhri, we see Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam was laying in the bed covering his body with clothes.
قَوْلُهُ وَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ
دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَأَنَّهُ جَاءَ زَائِرًا لَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْتَهُ
Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu came there for a visit and at that time Nabi swallallahu alyhi wa sallam was there.
قَوْلُهُ فَانْتَهَرَنِي فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَانْتَهَرَهُمَا أَيِ الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ وَيُجْمَعُ بِأَنَّهُ شَرَكَ بَيْنَهُنَّ فِي الِانْتِهَارِ وَالزَّجْرِ أَمَّا عَائِشَةُ فَلِتَقْرِيرِهَا.وَأَمَّا الْجَارِيَتَانِ فَلِفِعْلِهِمَا
In the report of Zuhri we see, Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa saying,''he-Aboo Bakar, her father- became angry with both the girls.It is possiblle that Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu might have got angry with the three; with the two girls for singing and with his daughter Ayisha for permitting the song there.
قَوْلُهُ مِزْمَارَةُ الشَّيْطَانِ بِكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ يَعْنِي الْغِنَاءَ أَوْ الدُّفَّ لِأَنَّ الْمِزْمَارَةَ أَوِ الْمِزْمَارَ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ الزَّمِيرِ وَهُوَ الصَّوْتُ الَّذِي لَهُ الصَّفِيرُ وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى الصَّوْتِ الْحَسَنِ وَعَلَى الْغِنَاءِ وَسُمِّيَتْ بِهِ الْآلَةُ الْمَعْرُوفَةُ الَّتِي يُزَمَّرُ بِهَا وَإِضَافَتُهَا إِلَى الشَّيْطَانِ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّهَا تُلْهِي فَقَدْ تَشْغَلُ الْقَلْبَ عَنِ الذِّكْرِ
The word mizmarathu
مِزْمَارَةُ
Means 'song' or 'duff'.The word 'mizmar'
مِزْمَار
is derived from the word 'zameer' which means 'attractive sound' or song.It is also used to denote musical instrument.Here it is said as related to Satan as it obstructs the rememberance of Allah.
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ فَقَالَ يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَبِمَزْمُورِ الشَّيْطَانِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
In the report of Hammadu bnu Salamah recorded by Imam Ahmad,we see Aboo Bakar radiyallaahu anhu saying to his daughter Ayisha;'Oh , the slaves of Allah ,Musical instrument near Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam?''
قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ الْمَزْمُورُ الصَّوْتُ وَنِسْبَتُهُ إِلَى الشَّيْطَانِ ذَمٌّ عَلَى مَا ظَهَرَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَضَبَطَهُ عِيَاضٌ بِضَمِّ الْمِيمِ وَحُكِيَ فَتْحُهَا
Imam Qurthubi says: Mazmoor/Muzmoor is the sound;here it is related by Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu according to what he undersood.
قَوْلُهُ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَكَشَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ فُلَيْحٍ فَكَشَفَ رَأْسَهُ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مُلْتَفًّا
In some reports we see, when Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu said these words Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam removed clothes from his face (in order to reply to him), as he was laying there covered with clothes.
قَوْلُهُ دَعْهُمَا زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ عِيدًا وَهَذَا عِيدُنَا
In the report of Hisham we see Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam saying to Aboo Bakar ''Leave them, Oh ,Aboo Bakar,For every Society there is Eid and this is our Eid(Hence let them sing)
فَفِيهِ تَعْلِيلُ الْأَمْرِ بِتَرْكِهِمَا وَإِيضَاحُ خِلَافِ مَا ظَنَّهُ الصِّدِّيقُ مِنْ أَنَّهُمَا فَعَلَتَا ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِكَوْنِهِ دَخَلَ فَوَجَدَهُ مُغَطًّى بِثَوْبِهِ فَظَنَّهُ نَائِمًا فَتَوَجَّهَ لَهُ الْإِنْكَارُ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَوْجُهِ مُسْتَصْحِبًا لِمَا تَقَرَّرَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ مَنْعِ الْغِنَاءِ وَاللَّهْوِ فَبَادَرَ إِلَى إِنْكَارِ ذَلِكَ قِيَامًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِذَلِكَ مُسْتَنِدًا إِلَى مَا ظَهَرَ لَهُ فَأَوْضَحَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْحَالَ وَعَرَّفَهُ الْحُكْمَ مَقْرُونًا بِبَيَانِ الْحِكْمَةِ بِأَنَّهُ يَوْمُ عِيدٍ أَيْ يَوْمُ سُرُورٍ شَرْعِيٍّ فَلَا يُنْكَرُ فِيهِ مِثْلُ هَذَا كَمَا لَا يُنْكَرُ فِي الْأَعْرَاسِ
When Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam say to Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu to leave the girls singing as it is Eid ,there is the clarification and explanation about what Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu misunderstood.Aboo Bakar thought that Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam was sleeping and as such he disliked the girls' singing near him and his daughter hearing the same.Here Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam corrects Aboo Bakar and clarifies that songs of the like are permissible on Eid Day as it is the day of joy and happiness.It is just as the same is permissible on days of wedding.
وَبِهَذَا يَرْتَفِعُ الْإِشْكَالُ عَمَّنْ قَالَ كَيْفَ سَاغَ لِلصِّدِّيقِ إِنْكَارُ شَيْءٍ أَقَرَّهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَكَلَّفَ جَوَابًا لَا يَخْفَى تَعَسُّفُهُ
Those who doubt why Aboo Bakar disliked what Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam approved will get their doubt cleared from the above statement, because , actually, Aboo Bakar misunderstood that Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi va sallam was sleeping.
وَفِي قَوْلِهِ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ أَيْ مِنَ الطَّوَائِفِ وَقَوْلُهُ عِيدٌ أَيْ كَالنَّيْرُوزِ وَالْمِهْرَجَانِ
The words of Nabi , ''for every society there is Eid/Festival means that they have festivals like the Nyroos & Mihirjan of Persia -their new year days.
وَفِي النَّسَائِيّ وبن حِبَّانَ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَهُمْ يَوْمَانِ يَلْعَبُونَ فِيهِمَا فَقَالَ قَدْ أَبْدَلَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِمَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمَا يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى وَاسْتُنْبِطَ مِنْهُ كَرَاهَةُ الْفَرَحِ فِي أَعْيَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالتَّشَبُّهِ بِهِمْ وَبَالَغَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو حَفْصٍ الْكَبِيرُ النَّسَفِيُّ مِنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ فَقَالَ مَنْ أَهْدَى فِيهِ بَيْضَةً إِلَى مُشْرِكٍ تَعْظِيمًا لِلْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى واستنبط مِنْ تَسْمِيَةِ أَيَّامِ مِنًى بِأَنَّهَا أَيَّامُ عِيدٍ مَشْرُوعِيَّةُ قَضَاءِ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ فِيهَا لِمَنْ فَاتَتْهُ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَعْدُ
In one Hadith of Anas radiyallahu anhu , recorded by Ibnu Hibban and Nasa-i with authentic chain of narrators, we see -
When Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam came to Madinah he came to know that its inhabitants had two festival days and they engaged in plays and recreations in those days .Then he said to them:'For you Allah has replced it with two better festivals''.From this , we may come to the conclusion that it is 'karahath' for a Muslim to be happy in the fesivals of plytheists and resembling them.Great Hanafi Scholar Shaikh Aboo Hafs al Kabeer an-Nasafi says:
مَنْ أَهْدَى فِيهِ بَيْضَةً إِلَى مُشْرِكٍ تَعْظِيمًا لِلْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى
Whoever gave an egg for polytheist repecting his festival day, then he denied Allah Sub-hanahu wa tha-aalaa.(Please note:Here giving a gift to a polytheist friend /neighbour is not condemned by the respected Imam, but gift given to respect a polytheist's festival is condemned as it may promote Shirk/polytheism.)
وَاسْتَدَلَّ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الصُّوفِيَّةِ بِحَدِيثِ الْبَابِ عَلَى إِبَاحَةِ الْغِنَاءِ وَسَمَاعِهِ بِآلَةٍ وَبِغَيْرِ آلَةٍ
A group of Sufis have taken proof from this Hadith to permit songs with or without musical instruments.
وَيَكْفِي فِي رَدِّ ذَلِكَ تَصْرِيحُ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي فِي الْبَابِ بَعْدَهُ بِقَوْلِهَا وَلَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ فَنَفَتْ عَنْهُمَا مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمَعْنَى مَا أَثْبَتَهُ لَهُمَا بِاللَّفْظِ لِأَنَّ الْغِنَاءَ يُطْلَقُ عَلَى رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ وَعَلَى التَّرَنُّمِ الَّذِي تُسَمِّيهِ الْعَرَبُ النَّصْبَ بِفَتْحِ النُّونِ وَسُكُونِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وعَلى الْحِدَاءِ وَلَا يُسَمَّى فَاعِلُهُ مُغَنِّيًا وَإِنَّمَا يُسَمَّى بِذَلِكَ مَنْ يَنْشُدُ بِتَمْطِيطٍ وَتَكْسِيرٍ وَتَهْيِيجٍ وَتَشْوِيقٍ بِمَا فِيهِ تَعْرِيضٌ بِالْفَوَاحِشِ أَوْ تَصْرِيحٌ
But their stand can't be right, because in one report we see, Ayisha saying ,
وَلَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ
'They were not SINGERS.''Hence it is clear that those two girls were not such professional singers.G'inaa-u is with tharannum,thamtheeth, thakseer,thahyeej and thashweekh(All these are rules related to singing/music which makes it attractive)
Such Ginaa-u will lead listener to wrong emotions and actions.
قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ قَوْلُهَا لَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ أَيْ لَيْسَتَا مِمَّنْ يَعْرِفُ الْغِنَاءَ كَمَا يَعْرِفُهُ الْمُغَنِّيَاتُ الْمَعْرُوفَاتُ بِذَلِكَ وَهَذَا مِنْهَا تَحَرُّزٌ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ الْمُعْتَادِ عِنْدَ الْمُشْتَهِرِينَ بِهِ وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُحَرِّكُ السَّاكِنَ وَيَبْعَثُ الْكَامِنَ وَهَذَا النَّوْعُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي شِعْرٍ فِيهِ وَصْفُ مَحَاسِنِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْخَمْرِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمُحَرَّمَةِ لَا يُخْتَلَفُ فِي تَحْرِيمِهِ قَالَ.
Imam Qurthubi says:The words of Ayisha radiyallahu a'nhaa,
لَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ
''they were not singers'' means that they did not know how to sing properly as the well-known singers of the time.And there is no differences of opinion among the Scholars that all types of songs which describe the beauty of women, lust,liquor,wine,prohibited things and which arouse the lusty emotions of the people are strictly prohibited.
وَأَمَّا مَا ابْتَدَعَهُ الصُّوفِيَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَمِنْ قَبِيلِ مَا لَا يُخْتَلَفُ فِي تَحْرِيمِهِ لَكِنَّ النُّفُوسَ الشَّهْوَانِيَّةَ غَلَبَتْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ حَتَّى لَقَدْ ظَهَرَتْ مِنْ كَثِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ فِعْلَاتُ الْمَجَانِينِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ حَتَّى رَقَصُوا بِحَرَكَاتٍ مُتَطَابِقَةٍ وَتَقْطِيعَاتٍ مُتَلَاحِقَةٍ وَانْتَهَى التَّوَاقُحُ بِقَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ جَعَلُوهَا مِنْ بَابِ الْقُرَبِ وَصَالِحِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُثْمِرُ سِنِيِّ الْأَحْوَالِ وَهَذَا عَلَى التَّحْقِيقِ مِنْ آثَارِ الزَّنْدَقَةِ وَقَوْلُ أَهْلِ الْمُخَرِّفَةِ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ اه وَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُعْكَسَ مُرَادهم وَيقْرَأسيء عَوَّضَ النُّونَ الْخَفِيفَةَ الْمَكْسُورَةَ بِغَيْرِ هَمْزٍ بِمُثَنَّاةٍ تَحْتَانِيَّة ثَقيلَة مهموزا.
Now we see, the type of songs with instruments we just mentioned above as permitted by Some Sufis , with no doubt , is prohibited.Actually the 'shahawaath' of the body has overpowered even the good people.Some of the Sufis even go to the extent that they move on dancing with special types of body movements and act like small children and insane people and then argue that such actions are intended to get them near to Allah.But such actions are, actually , the signs of atheism and and the views of the people of 'khuraafaath'.May Allah help us.It is inevitable to act and propagate against such things.
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وَأَمَّا الْآلَاتُ فَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِيهَا عِنْدَ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ الْمَعَازِفِ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ وَقَدْ حَكَى قَوْمٌ الْإِجْمَاعُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهَا وَحَكَى بَعْضُهُمْ عَكْسَهُ وَسَنَذْكُرُ بَيَانَ شُبْهَةِ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَلَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ إِبَاحَةِ الضَّرْبِ بِالدُّفِّ فِي الْعُرْسِ وَنَحْوِهِ إِبَاحَةُ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْآلَاتِ كَالْعُودِ وَنَحْوِهِ كَمَا سَنَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ فِي وَلِيمَةِ الْعُرْسِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.
But as far as Musical instruments are concerned,whether it is permissible or not, in shaa Allah , discussion will come later.Some say that it is permitted and there is consensus among the scholars in this regard.But some schlars go against it.The subject will, in shaa Allah, be discussed later in kithab ul ashribah.
وَأَمَّا الْتِفَافُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِثَوْبِهِ فَفِيهِ إِعْرَاضٌ عَنْ ذَلِكَ لِكَوْنِ مَقَامِهِ يَقْتَضِي أَنْ يَرْتَفِعَ عَنِ الْإِصْغَاءِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ
The words of Ayisha radiyallahu anhu , ''the Prophet turned his face the other side'', denotes that he didn't listen to the song, as it is not suited to his high status.
لَكِنَّ عَدَمَ إِنْكَارِهِ دَالٌّ عَلَى تَسْوِيغِ مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي أَقَرَّهُ إِذْ لَا يُقِرُّ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ وَالْأَصْلُ التَّنَزُّهُ عَنِ اللَّعِبِ وَاللَّهْوِ فَيُقْتَصَرُ عَلَى مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ النَّصُّ وَقْتًا وَكَيْفِيَّةً تَقْلِيلًا لِمُخَالَفَةِ الْأَصْلِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
But the fact that the Prophet didn't prevent the girls from singing,implies that such types of songs are allowed, because he approved it and we know he would not approve Baathwil.But basically, one should prefer to keep away from ''lahwu and la'ibu''.And Allah knows the best.
وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْفَوَائِدِ مَشْرُوعِيَّةُ التَّوْسِعَةِ عَلَى الْعِيَالِ فِي أَيَّامِ الْأَعْيَادِ بِأَنْوَاعِ مَا يَحْصُلُ لَهُمْ بَسْطُ النَّفْسِ وَتَرْوِيحُ الْبَدَنِ مِنْ كَلَفِ الْعِبَادَةِ وَأَنَّ الْإِعْرَاضَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْلَى وَفِيهِ أَنَّ إِظْهَارَ السُّرُورِ فِي الْأَعْيَادِ مِنْ شِعَارِ الدِّينِ
From this Hadith , it is to be learnt that,we may show some liberalism on Eid occasions upon our family members in such matters so as to enable them to have happiness, ease of mind and freshness of body.
وَفِيهِ جَوَازُ دُخُولِ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ وَهِيَ عِنْدُ زَوْجِهَا إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عَادَةٌ وَتَأْدِيبُ الْأَبِ بِحَضْرَةِ الزَّوْجِ وَإِنْ تَرَكَهُ الزَّوْجُ إِذِ التَّأْدِيبُ وَظِيفَةُ الْآبَاءِ وَالْعَطْفُ مَشْرُوعٌ مِنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَفِيهِ الرِّفْقُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ وَاسْتِجْلَابُ مَوَدَّتِهَا وَأَنَّ مَوَاضِعَ أَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ تُنَزَّهُ عَنْ اللَّهْوِ وَاللَّغْوِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ إِثْمٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمْ وَفِيهِ أَنَّ التِّلْمِيذَ إِذَا رَأَى عِنْدَ شَيْخِهِ مَا يُسْتَكْرَهُ مِثْلُهُ بَادَرَ إِلَى إِنْكَارِهِ وَلَا يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ افْتِئَاتٌ عَلَى شَيْخِهِ بَلْ هُوَ أَدَبٌ مِنْهُ وَرِعَايَةٌ لِحُرْمَتِهِ وَإِجْلَالٌ لِمَنْصِبِهِ وَفِيهِ فَتْوَى التِّلْمِيذِ بِحَضْرَةِ شَيْخِهِ بِمَا يَعْرِفُ مِنْ طَرِيقَتِهِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ظَنَّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَامَ فَخَشِيَ أَنْ يَسْتَيْقِظَ فَيَغْضَبَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ فَبَادَرَ إِلَى سَدِّ هَذِهِ الذَّرِيعَةِ
Also the Hadiths throws light to the following facts:
1.It is permissible for a father to visit his daughter when she lives with her husband.
2.Father should educate his daughter even in the presence of her husband , though her husband keeps silence.This is because it is the duty and responsibility of a father to educate his daughter; and as far as husband is concerned , it is expected from him to show sympathy and love towards his wife.
3.Kindness towards one's wife and attracting her love.
4.Keeping away from silly recreations and plays by the virtuous people , even if it is not prohibited.
5.The disciple/pupil should come forward to prvent an action which he felt improper, even in the presence of his teacher.And, this is not belittling one's teacher but it is giving due respect and reverence to him.
6.Giving Fathwa by the pupil/disciple in the manner one knows when one sees a seemingly unacceptable thing, even in the presence of the teacher.Here, in this case Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu thought that the Prophet swallallahu alyhi wa sallam was sleeping and as he felt his sleep would be disturbed by the song, he warned his daughter Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa.
وَفِي قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ فِي آخِرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ غَمَزْتُهُمَا فَخَرَجَتَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مَعَ تَرْخِيصِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ رَاعَتْ خَاطِرَ أَبِيهَا وَخَشِيَتْ غَضَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا فَأَخْرَجَتْهُمَا وَاقْتِنَاعَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِالْإِشَارَةِ فِيمَا يَظْهَرُ لِلْحَيَاءِ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ بِحَضْرَةِ مَنْ هُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
Now the words of Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa,
''فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ غَمَزْتُهُمَا فَخَرَجَتَا
" When Abu Bakr became inattentive, I signalled to those girls to go out and they left'' denotes thats , though her husband Rasoolullahi swallallahu alyhi wa salam permitted the song to continue,she considered the mind of her father Abo Bakar and feared his anger .
From the words 'I signalled the girls to go' we can see that she didn't utter the words to the girls but only gave signs to go out. This is because she felt shy to talk openly when there are elders to her.
And Allah knows the best.
وَاسْتُدِلَّ بِهِ عَلَى جَوَازِ سَمَاعِ صَوْتِ الْجَارِيَةِ بِالْغِنَاءِ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَمْلُوكَةً لِأَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَمَاعَهُ بَلْ أَنْكَرَ إِنْكَارَهُ وَاسْتَمَرَّتَا إِلَى أَنْ أَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِمَا عَائِشَةُ بِالْخُرُوجِ وَلَا يَخْفَى أَنَّ مَحَلَّ الْجَوَازِ مَا إِذَا أُمِنَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ بِذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
In this Hadith, there is proof that it is permitted to hear the songs of girls even they are not 'mamlookah', because Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam did not prevent Aboo Bakar from hearing the songs of girls and instead the Prophet prevented Aboo Bakar's preventing the song.
Also they continued to sing the song till Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa signalled them to go out.But it is permitted only when there is no fear of Fithnah.And Allah knows the best.
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Assalamu a'lykum, my dear brothers and sisters, This is a simple but important venture to learn Fath'hu al Bari of Imam Ibnu Hajar al Asqalani Rahmathulahi A'lyhi ,one of the most important Explanatory Books on Sahih ul Bukhari, which in turn is, the most authentic Book on Hadith Literature.As we all know,Sahih Hadiths are the second Fundamental source of Islam.Though English translations of the Hadiths of Sahih ul Bukhari are available in the internet ,the translations of Fath'hul Bari are not made available yet.Though this is not a word to word translation of the Book,I'm here to state that , by the grace of Allah,serious attempts are being made by me to translate the gist and idea contained in the Hadiths.In places such as linguistic discussions where I thought to avoid translation , or where I found it hard to translate, I have denoted it with symbols ............It will be appreciated , in shaa Allah, if persons who are well-versed in Arabic and Islamic literature , point out any factual errors that might have crept in here.Please feel free to share, copy, download, re-upload and re-post our textual/video posts.
Today we'll learn one Hadith regarding the singing of songs by girls in the House of Ayisha radiyallahu a'nhaa, in the presence of Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam.The Hadith with Sharahu is given below.Actually, the second part of this Hadith is about the watching of Ayisha ra'diyallahiu anhaa the plays of Ethiopians in the presence of Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam.The Sharahu of the second part will, in shaa Allah, be given later.
صحيح البخاري مع فتح الباري
Sahih ul Bukhari
كتاب العيدين
Kithab ul Eedaini
Book of Two Festivals
باب الْحِرَابِ وَالدَّرَقِ يَوْمَ الْعِيدِ
Chapter: A display of spears and shields on 'Eid Festival day
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرٌو، أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الأَسَدِيَّ، حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ دَخَلَ عَلَىَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعِنْدِي جَارِيَتَانِ تُغَنِّيَانِ بِغِنَاءِ بُعَاثَ، فَاضْطَجَعَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ وَحَوَّلَ وَجْهَهُ، وَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَانْتَهَرَنِي وَقَالَ مِزْمَارَةُ الشَّيْطَانِ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلاَمُ فَقَالَ " دَعْهُمَا " فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ غَمَزْتُهُمَا فَخَرَجَتَا.
وَكَانَ يَوْمَ عِيدٍ يَلْعَبُ السُّودَانُ بِالدَّرَقِ وَالْحِرَابِ، فَإِمَّا سَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَإِمَّا قَالَ " تَشْتَهِينَ تَنْظُرِينَ ". فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ. فَأَقَامَنِي وَرَاءَهُ خَدِّي عَلَى خَدِّهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ " دُونَكُمْ يَا بَنِي أَرْفِدَةَ ". حَتَّى إِذَا مَلِلْتُ قَالَ " حَسْبُكِ ". قُلْتُ نَعَمْ. قَالَ " فَاذْهَبِي ".
Narrated Aisha rad'iyallaahu a'nhaa:
Rasoolullahi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam came to my house while two girls were singing beside me the songs of Buath (a story about the war between the two tribes of the Ansar, the Khazraj and the Aus, that occured before their embracing Islam). Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam lay down and turned his face to the other side. Then Abu Bakr rad'iyallaahu a'nhu came and spoke to me harshly saying, "Musical instruments of Satan near the Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam ?" Rasoolullahi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam turned his face towards him and said, "Leave them." When Abu Bakr became inattentive, I signalled to those girls to go out and they left.
(Now another incident reported by A'yisha rad'iyallaahu a'nhaa):
It was the day of `Id, and the Black people(Ethiopians) were playing with shields and spears; so either I requested Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam or he asked me whether I would like to see the display. I replied in the affirmative. Then Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam made me stand behind him and my cheek was touching his cheek and he was saying, "Carry on! O Bani Arfida," till I got tired. Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam asked me, "Are you satisfied (Is that sufficient for you)?" I replied in the affirmative and he told me to leave.
Now , in shaa Allah, we'll see the explanation of this Hadith as given in in Fath'hul Bari of Imam Ibnu Hajar al Asqalani, the explanatory Book on Sahih ul Bukhari.The Arabic text in full and its gist in English given here.
قَوْلُهُ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ كَذَا لِلْأَكْثَرِ غَيْرُ مَنْسُوبٍ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي ذَرٍّ وبن عَسَاكِرَ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى وَبِهِ جَزَمَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي الْمُسْتَخْرَجِ وَوَقْعَ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ شَبُّوَيْهِ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ وَهُوَ مُقْتَضَى إِطْلَاقِ أَبِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ السَّكَنِ حَيْثُ قَالَ كُلُّ مَا فِي الْبُخَارِيِّ حَدثنَا أَحْمد غير مَنْسُوب فَهُوَ بن صَالح قَوْله أخبرنَا عَمْرو هُوَ بن الْحَارِثِ الْمِصْرِيُّ وَشَطْرُ هَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ الْأَوَّلِ مِصْرِيُّونَ وَالثَّانِي مَدَنِيُّونَ
Here Bukhari says 'Hadda'tha'naa Ahmad-He is the son of Swaalih/Ibnu swwaalih.Half of the reporters of this Hadith are Makkis while the other half are Madanis.
قَوْلُهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ فِي أَيَّامِ مِنًى وَسَيَأْتِي بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بَابًا
In the report by Zuhri from Urva Ayisha rad'iyallaahu a'nhaa says:''there came Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam during one of 'my' nights''.
قَوْلُهُ جَارِيَتَانِ زَادَ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ مِنْ جَوَارِي الْأَنْصَارِ وَلِلطَّبَرَانِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ أَنَّ إِحْدَاهُمَا كَانَتْ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ وَفِي الْأَرْبَعِينَ لِلسُّلَمِيِّ أَنَّهُمَا كَانَتَا لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ وَفِي الْعِيدَيْنِ لِابْنِ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا مِنْ طَرِيقِ فُلَيْحٍ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ وَحَمَامَةَ وَصَاحِبَتِهَا تُغَنِّيَانِ وَإِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ وَلَمْ أَقِفْ عَلَى تَسْمِيَةِ الْأُخْرَى لَكِنْ يُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ اسْمُ الثَّانِيَةِ زَيْنَبَ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ حَمَامَةَ الَّذِينَ صَنَّفُوا فِي الصَّحَابَةِ وَهِيَ عَلَى شَرْطِهِمْ
The two girls were Ansari girls as it is evident from the next Babu.There are various reports regarding them.One was with the name Zainaba.
قَوْلُهُ تُغَنِّيَانِ زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ تُدَفِّفَانِ بِفَاءَيْنِ أَيْ تَضْرِبَانِ بِالدُّفِّ وَلِمُسْلِمٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ أَيْضًا تُغَنِّيَانِ بِدُفٍّ وَلِلنَّسَائِيِّ بِدُفَّيْنِ وَالدُّفُّ بِضَمِّ الدَّالِ عَلَى الْأَشْهَرِ وَقَدْ تُفْتَحُ وَيُقَالُ لَهُ أَيْضًا الْكِرْبَالُ بِكَسْرِ الْكَافِ وَهُوَالَّذِي لَا جَلَاجِلَ فِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِيهِ فَهُوَ الْمِزْهَرُ
In the report of Zuhari we see the words
تُدَفِّفَانِ
'both of them were playing Daff-a musical insrument.
In the report of Muslim the words used are,
تُغَنِّيَانِ بِدُفٍّ
'they were playing with Duff'.In the report of Nasa-i also we see that they were playing Daffs.The word 'duff' and 'daff' are used .Duff is the prominent/famous usage.It is also called 'kirbaal'.If it is with bell /jaras then it is called mis-har.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْبَابِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ بِمَا تَقَاوَلَتْ بِهِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ أَيْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ مِنْ فَخْرٍ أَوْ هِجَاءٍ وَلِلْمُصَنِّفِ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ بِمَا تَعَازَفَتْ بِمُهْمَلَةٍ وَزَايٍ وَفَاءٍ مِنَ الْعَزْفِ وَهُوَ الصَّوْتُ الَّذِي لَهُ دَوِيٌّ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ تَقَاذَفَتْ بِقَافٍ بَدَلَ الْعَيْنِ وَذَالٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ بَدَلَ الزَّايِ وَهُوَ مِنَ الْقَذْفِ وَهُوَ هِجَاءُ بَعْضِهِمْ لِبَعْضِ
The were singing the songs about 'bu-athu'.The 'bu-athu songs' were songs sung by two groups provoking and laughing at each other
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وَلِأَحْمَدَ مِنْ رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ فِيهِ صَنَادِيدُ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ اه وَبُعَاثٌ بِضَمِّ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ وَبَعْدَهَا مُهْمَلَةٌ وَآخِرُهُ مُثَلَّثَةٌ قَالَ عِيَاضٌ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ أَعْجَمَهَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَة وَحده. وَقَالَ بن الْأَثِيرِ فِي الْكَامِلِ أَعْجَمَهَا صَاحِبُ الْعَيْنِ يَعْنِي الْخَلِيلَ وَحْدَهُ وَكَذَا حَكَى أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْبَكْرِيُّ فِي مُعْجَمِ الْبُلْدَانِ عَنِ الْخَلِيلِ وَجَزَمَ أَبُو مُوسَى فِي ذَيْلِ الْغَرِيبِ بِأَنَّهُ تَصْحِيفٌ وَتَبِعَهُ صَاحِبُ النِّهَايَةِ قَالَ الْبَكْرِيُّ هُوَ مَوْضِعٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى لَيْلَتَيْنِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى وَصَاحِبُ النِّهَايَة هُوَ اسْمُ حِصْنٍ لِلْأَوْسِ وَفِي كِتَابِ أَبِي الْفَرَجِ الْأَصْفَهَانِيِّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ أَبِي قَيْسِ بْنِ الْأَسْلَتِ هُوَ مَوْضِعٌ فِي دَارِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِيهِ أَمْوَالٌ لَهُمْ وَكَانَ مَوْضِعُ الْوَقْعَةِ فِي مَزْرَعَةٍ لَهُمْ هُنَاكَ وَلَا مُنَافَاةَ بَيْنَ ا
لْقَوْلَيْنِ. وَقَالَ صَاحِبُ الْمَطَالِعِ الْأَشْهَرُ فِيهِ تَرْكُ الصَّرْفِ
In the report of Imam Ahmad,we see 'the day of Bu-athu' was the day on which the soldiers of the the tribes of 'Aus' and 'Khasraj' were killed during the war between them in the pre-Islamic period.It is said that 'Bu-ath' was the name of the fort of 'Aus'.Also there are views that it was a place in Mdinah and it was used by the tribe of Banoo Quraida to store their crops.
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قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ يَوْمٌ مَشْهُورٌ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْعَرَبِ كَانَتْ فِيهِ مَقْتَلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ لِلْأَوْسِ عَلَى الْخَزْرَجِ وَبَقِيَتِ الْحَرْبُ قَائِمَةً مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ سنة إِلَى الْإِسْلَام على مَا ذكر بن إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ.قُلْتُ تَبِعَهُ عَلَى هَذَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ شُرَّاحِ الصَّحِيحَيْنِ وَفِيهِ نَظَرٌ لِأَنَّهُ يُوهِمُ أَنَّ الْحَرْبَ الَّتِي وَقَعَتْ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ دَامَتْ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةَ وَلَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ فَسَيَأْتِي فِي أَوَائِلِ الْهِجْرَةِ قَوْلُ عَائِشَةَ كَانَ يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ يَوْمًا قَدَّمَهُ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِهِ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَدِ افْتَرَقَ ملؤهم وَقتلت سراتهم وَكَذَا ذكره بن إِسْحَاقَ وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْأَخْبَارِ وَقَدْ روى بن سَعْدٍ بِأَسَانِيدِهِ أَنَّ النَّفَرَ السِّتَّةَ أَوِ الثَّمَانِيَةَ الَّذِينَ لَقُوا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِنًى أَوَّلُ مَنْ لَقِيَهُ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ وَكَانُوا قَدْ قَدِمُوا إِلَى مَكَّةَ لِيُحَالِفُوا قُرَيْشًا كَانَ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا قَالُوهُ لَهُ لَمَّا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَالنَّصْرِ لَهُ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بُعَاثٍ عَامَ الْأَوَّلِ فَمَوْعِدُكُ الْمَوْسِمُ الْقَابِلُ فَقَدِمُوا فِي السَّنَةِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا فَبَايَعُوهُ وَهِيَ الْبَيْعَةُ الْأُولَى ثُمَّ قَدِمُوا الثَّانِيَةَ فَبَايَعُوهُ وَهُمْ سَبْعُونَ نَفْسًا وَهَاجَرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي أَوَائِلِ الَّتِي تَلِيهَا فَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ وَقْعَةَ بُعَاثٍ كَانَتْ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ وَهُوَ الْمُعْتَمَدُ وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ مِنْ قَول بن عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ زِيدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ من الِاسْتِيعَاب إِنَّه كَانَ يَوْم بُعَاث بن سِتِّ سِنِينَ وَحِينَ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ بن إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ فَيَكُونُ يَوْمُ بُعَاثٍ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِخَمْسِ سِنِينَ
The war of 'Bu-athu' was just before five years before Hijrah and the event was very popular among them.
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نَعَمْ دَامَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ الْحَيَّيْنِ الْأَوْسِ وَالْخَزْرَجِ الْمُدَّةَ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا فِي أَيَّامٍ كَثِيرَة شهيرة وَكَانَ أَولهَا فِيمَا ذكر بن إِسْحَاقَ وَهِشَامُ بْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَغَيْرُهُمَا أَنَّ الْأَوْسَ وَالْخَزْرَجَ لَمَّا نَزَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ وَجَدُوا الْيَهُودَ مُسْتَوْطِنِينَ بِهَا فَحَالَفُوهُمْ وَكَانُوا تَحْتَ قَهْرِهِمْ ثُمَّ غَلَبُوا عَلَى الْيَهُودِ فِي قِصَّةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ بِمُسَاعَدَةِ أَبِي جَبَلَةَ مَلِكِ غَسَّانَ فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا عَلَى اتِّفَاقٍ بَيْنَهُمْ حَتَّى كَانَتْ أَوَّلَ حَرْبٍ وَقَعَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ حَرْبُ سُمَيْرٍ بِالْمُهْمَلَةِ مُصَغَّرًا بِسَبَبِ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ كَعْبٌ مِنْ بَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى مَالِكِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ الْخَزْرَجِيِّ فَحَالَفَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ يُقَالُ لَهُ سُمَيْرٌ فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَبَبَ الْحَرْبِ بَيْنَ الْحَيَّيْنِ ثُمَّ كَانَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَائِعُ مِنْ أَشْهَرِهَا يَوْمُ السَّرَارَةَ بِمُهْمَلَاتٍ وَيَوْمُ فَارِعٍ بِفَاءٍ وَمُهْمَلَةٍ وَيَوْمُ الْفِجَارِ الْأَوَّلِ وَالثَّانِي وَحَرْبُ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ الْأَسْلَتِ وَحَرْبُ حَاطِبِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ إِلَى أَنْ كَانَ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمُ بُعَاث
There occurred a number of wars among the two tribes of Aus & Khasraj for long periods for different reasons and these were before their embracing Islam.Ibnu Is-haq, Hishamu Bnu al Kalbi and others report that,when the tribes of Aus & Khasraj came in Madinah Jews were the inhabitants there.They made treaty with the Jews and initially they were under the control of the Jews.But later they overpowered the Jews, and it is a long story , and it was with the help of King Aboo Jabalah, the king of Gazzan. For a long time , both the tribes lived amicably.But the first war errupted between the two tribes of Aus & Khasraj because of a man from the tribe of Banee Tha'alaba.His name was Ka'abu .He was the guest of Maliku bnu Ajlan al Khazraji and he had made treaty with him.Then a man from the tribe of Aus, namely Sumair, killed that man.This was the cause of the erruption of the first war between the tribes of Aus & Khasraj.Then there occurred between them so many wars.Youmu ssararah,Youmu Faari-u, Youmu ul Fijar the First, Youmu ul Fijar the Second,War of Huswainu bnu Aslath,War of Hathwib bnu Qais and Bu-athu are the important wars fought between the two tribes of Aus & Khasraj.The last one was the war of Bu-ath.
وَكَانَ رَئِيسَ الْأَوْسِ فِيهِ حُضَيْرٌ وَالِدَ أَسِيدٍ وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ حُضَيْرُ الْكَتَائِبِ وَجُرِحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدَ مُدَّةٍ مِنْ جِرَاحَتِهِ وَكَانَ رَئِيسُ الْخَزْرَجِ عَمْرَو بْنَ النُّعْمَانِ وَجَاءَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْقِتَالِ فَصَرَعَهُ فَهُزِمُوا بَعْدَ أَنْ كَانُوا قَدِ اسْتَظْهَرُوا وَلِحَسَّانَ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ وَكَذَا لِقَيْسِ بْنِ الْحُطَيْمِ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَشْعَارٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مَشْهُورَةٌ فِي دَوَاوِينِهِمْ
In the war of Bu-ath,the Captain of the tribe of Aus was Hudair ul Katha-ibu.He was injured during the war and after a few days he died out of that injury.The Captain of Khazraj was Amru bnu Nu'aman and he was hit by an arrow during the war. Hence there were many songs spread among them about those wars and many of the famous songs were recorded in their books. (Note:The girls mentioned in this Hadith were singing such songs about the valour and actions of soldiers)
قَوْلُهُ فَاضْطَجَعَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيّ الْمَذْكُورَة أَنه تغشى بِثَوْبِهِ وَفِي رِوَايَة لمُسلم تَسَجَّى أَيْ الْتَفَّ بِثَوْبِهِ
In the report of Muslim & Zuhri, we see Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam was laying in the bed covering his body with clothes.
قَوْلُهُ وَجَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ فِي الْبَابِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ
دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَكَأَنَّهُ جَاءَ زَائِرًا لَهَا بَعْدَ أَنْ دَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْتَهُ
Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu came there for a visit and at that time Nabi swallallahu alyhi wa sallam was there.
قَوْلُهُ فَانْتَهَرَنِي فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَانْتَهَرَهُمَا أَيِ الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ وَيُجْمَعُ بِأَنَّهُ شَرَكَ بَيْنَهُنَّ فِي الِانْتِهَارِ وَالزَّجْرِ أَمَّا عَائِشَةُ فَلِتَقْرِيرِهَا.وَأَمَّا الْجَارِيَتَانِ فَلِفِعْلِهِمَا
In the report of Zuhri we see, Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa saying,''he-Aboo Bakar, her father- became angry with both the girls.It is possiblle that Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu might have got angry with the three; with the two girls for singing and with his daughter Ayisha for permitting the song there.
قَوْلُهُ مِزْمَارَةُ الشَّيْطَانِ بِكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ يَعْنِي الْغِنَاءَ أَوْ الدُّفَّ لِأَنَّ الْمِزْمَارَةَ أَوِ الْمِزْمَارَ مُشْتَقٌّ مِنَ الزَّمِيرِ وَهُوَ الصَّوْتُ الَّذِي لَهُ الصَّفِيرُ وَيُطْلَقُ عَلَى الصَّوْتِ الْحَسَنِ وَعَلَى الْغِنَاءِ وَسُمِّيَتْ بِهِ الْآلَةُ الْمَعْرُوفَةُ الَّتِي يُزَمَّرُ بِهَا وَإِضَافَتُهَا إِلَى الشَّيْطَانِ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّهَا تُلْهِي فَقَدْ تَشْغَلُ الْقَلْبَ عَنِ الذِّكْرِ
The word mizmarathu
مِزْمَارَةُ
Means 'song' or 'duff'.The word 'mizmar'
مِزْمَار
is derived from the word 'zameer' which means 'attractive sound' or song.It is also used to denote musical instrument.Here it is said as related to Satan as it obstructs the rememberance of Allah.
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ فَقَالَ يَا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ أَبِمَزْمُورِ الشَّيْطَانِ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
In the report of Hammadu bnu Salamah recorded by Imam Ahmad,we see Aboo Bakar radiyallaahu anhu saying to his daughter Ayisha;'Oh , the slaves of Allah ,Musical instrument near Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam?''
قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ الْمَزْمُورُ الصَّوْتُ وَنِسْبَتُهُ إِلَى الشَّيْطَانِ ذَمٌّ عَلَى مَا ظَهَرَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَضَبَطَهُ عِيَاضٌ بِضَمِّ الْمِيمِ وَحُكِيَ فَتْحُهَا
Imam Qurthubi says: Mazmoor/Muzmoor is the sound;here it is related by Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu according to what he undersood.
قَوْلُهُ فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فِي رِوَايَةِ الزُّهْرِيِّ فَكَشَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَفِي رِوَايَةِ فُلَيْحٍ فَكَشَفَ رَأْسَهُ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مُلْتَفًّا
In some reports we see, when Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu said these words Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam removed clothes from his face (in order to reply to him), as he was laying there covered with clothes.
قَوْلُهُ دَعْهُمَا زَادَ فِي رِوَايَةِ هِشَامٍ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنَّ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ عِيدًا وَهَذَا عِيدُنَا
In the report of Hisham we see Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam saying to Aboo Bakar ''Leave them, Oh ,Aboo Bakar,For every Society there is Eid and this is our Eid(Hence let them sing)
فَفِيهِ تَعْلِيلُ الْأَمْرِ بِتَرْكِهِمَا وَإِيضَاحُ خِلَافِ مَا ظَنَّهُ الصِّدِّيقُ مِنْ أَنَّهُمَا فَعَلَتَا ذَلِكَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِكَوْنِهِ دَخَلَ فَوَجَدَهُ مُغَطًّى بِثَوْبِهِ فَظَنَّهُ نَائِمًا فَتَوَجَّهَ لَهُ الْإِنْكَارُ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَوْجُهِ مُسْتَصْحِبًا لِمَا تَقَرَّرَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ مَنْعِ الْغِنَاءِ وَاللَّهْوِ فَبَادَرَ إِلَى إِنْكَارِ ذَلِكَ قِيَامًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِذَلِكَ مُسْتَنِدًا إِلَى مَا ظَهَرَ لَهُ فَأَوْضَحَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْحَالَ وَعَرَّفَهُ الْحُكْمَ مَقْرُونًا بِبَيَانِ الْحِكْمَةِ بِأَنَّهُ يَوْمُ عِيدٍ أَيْ يَوْمُ سُرُورٍ شَرْعِيٍّ فَلَا يُنْكَرُ فِيهِ مِثْلُ هَذَا كَمَا لَا يُنْكَرُ فِي الْأَعْرَاسِ
When Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam say to Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu to leave the girls singing as it is Eid ,there is the clarification and explanation about what Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu misunderstood.Aboo Bakar thought that Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam was sleeping and as such he disliked the girls' singing near him and his daughter hearing the same.Here Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam corrects Aboo Bakar and clarifies that songs of the like are permissible on Eid Day as it is the day of joy and happiness.It is just as the same is permissible on days of wedding.
وَبِهَذَا يَرْتَفِعُ الْإِشْكَالُ عَمَّنْ قَالَ كَيْفَ سَاغَ لِلصِّدِّيقِ إِنْكَارُ شَيْءٍ أَقَرَّهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَكَلَّفَ جَوَابًا لَا يَخْفَى تَعَسُّفُهُ
Those who doubt why Aboo Bakar disliked what Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam approved will get their doubt cleared from the above statement, because , actually, Aboo Bakar misunderstood that Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi va sallam was sleeping.
وَفِي قَوْلِهِ لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ أَيْ مِنَ الطَّوَائِفِ وَقَوْلُهُ عِيدٌ أَيْ كَالنَّيْرُوزِ وَالْمِهْرَجَانِ
The words of Nabi , ''for every society there is Eid/Festival means that they have festivals like the Nyroos & Mihirjan of Persia -their new year days.
وَفِي النَّسَائِيّ وبن حِبَّانَ بِإِسْنَادٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَدِمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَلَهُمْ يَوْمَانِ يَلْعَبُونَ فِيهِمَا فَقَالَ قَدْ أَبْدَلَكُمُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِهِمَا خَيْرًا مِنْهُمَا يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ وَالْأَضْحَى وَاسْتُنْبِطَ مِنْهُ كَرَاهَةُ الْفَرَحِ فِي أَعْيَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالتَّشَبُّهِ بِهِمْ وَبَالَغَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو حَفْصٍ الْكَبِيرُ النَّسَفِيُّ مِنَ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ فَقَالَ مَنْ أَهْدَى فِيهِ بَيْضَةً إِلَى مُشْرِكٍ تَعْظِيمًا لِلْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى واستنبط مِنْ تَسْمِيَةِ أَيَّامِ مِنًى بِأَنَّهَا أَيَّامُ عِيدٍ مَشْرُوعِيَّةُ قَضَاءِ صَلَاةِ الْعِيدِ فِيهَا لِمَنْ فَاتَتْهُ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَعْدُ
In one Hadith of Anas radiyallahu anhu , recorded by Ibnu Hibban and Nasa-i with authentic chain of narrators, we see -
When Rasoolullahi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam came to Madinah he came to know that its inhabitants had two festival days and they engaged in plays and recreations in those days .Then he said to them:'For you Allah has replced it with two better festivals''.From this , we may come to the conclusion that it is 'karahath' for a Muslim to be happy in the fesivals of plytheists and resembling them.Great Hanafi Scholar Shaikh Aboo Hafs al Kabeer an-Nasafi says:
مَنْ أَهْدَى فِيهِ بَيْضَةً إِلَى مُشْرِكٍ تَعْظِيمًا لِلْيَوْمِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ تَعَالَى
Whoever gave an egg for polytheist repecting his festival day, then he denied Allah Sub-hanahu wa tha-aalaa.(Please note:Here giving a gift to a polytheist friend /neighbour is not condemned by the respected Imam, but gift given to respect a polytheist's festival is condemned as it may promote Shirk/polytheism.)
وَاسْتَدَلَّ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الصُّوفِيَّةِ بِحَدِيثِ الْبَابِ عَلَى إِبَاحَةِ الْغِنَاءِ وَسَمَاعِهِ بِآلَةٍ وَبِغَيْرِ آلَةٍ
A group of Sufis have taken proof from this Hadith to permit songs with or without musical instruments.
وَيَكْفِي فِي رَدِّ ذَلِكَ تَصْرِيحُ عَائِشَةَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي فِي الْبَابِ بَعْدَهُ بِقَوْلِهَا وَلَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ فَنَفَتْ عَنْهُمَا مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمَعْنَى مَا أَثْبَتَهُ لَهُمَا بِاللَّفْظِ لِأَنَّ الْغِنَاءَ يُطْلَقُ عَلَى رَفْعِ الصَّوْتِ وَعَلَى التَّرَنُّمِ الَّذِي تُسَمِّيهِ الْعَرَبُ النَّصْبَ بِفَتْحِ النُّونِ وَسُكُونِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وعَلى الْحِدَاءِ وَلَا يُسَمَّى فَاعِلُهُ مُغَنِّيًا وَإِنَّمَا يُسَمَّى بِذَلِكَ مَنْ يَنْشُدُ بِتَمْطِيطٍ وَتَكْسِيرٍ وَتَهْيِيجٍ وَتَشْوِيقٍ بِمَا فِيهِ تَعْرِيضٌ بِالْفَوَاحِشِ أَوْ تَصْرِيحٌ
But their stand can't be right, because in one report we see, Ayisha saying ,
وَلَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ
'They were not SINGERS.''Hence it is clear that those two girls were not such professional singers.G'inaa-u is with tharannum,thamtheeth, thakseer,thahyeej and thashweekh(All these are rules related to singing/music which makes it attractive)
Such Ginaa-u will lead listener to wrong emotions and actions.
قَالَ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ قَوْلُهَا لَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ أَيْ لَيْسَتَا مِمَّنْ يَعْرِفُ الْغِنَاءَ كَمَا يَعْرِفُهُ الْمُغَنِّيَاتُ الْمَعْرُوفَاتُ بِذَلِكَ وَهَذَا مِنْهَا تَحَرُّزٌ عَنِ الْغِنَاءِ الْمُعْتَادِ عِنْدَ الْمُشْتَهِرِينَ بِهِ وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُحَرِّكُ السَّاكِنَ وَيَبْعَثُ الْكَامِنَ وَهَذَا النَّوْعُ إِذَا كَانَ فِي شِعْرٍ فِيهِ وَصْفُ مَحَاسِنِ النِّسَاءِ وَالْخَمْرِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الْأُمُورِ الْمُحَرَّمَةِ لَا يُخْتَلَفُ فِي تَحْرِيمِهِ قَالَ.
Imam Qurthubi says:The words of Ayisha radiyallahu a'nhaa,
لَيْسَتَا بِمُغَنِّيَتَيْنِ
''they were not singers'' means that they did not know how to sing properly as the well-known singers of the time.And there is no differences of opinion among the Scholars that all types of songs which describe the beauty of women, lust,liquor,wine,prohibited things and which arouse the lusty emotions of the people are strictly prohibited.
وَأَمَّا مَا ابْتَدَعَهُ الصُّوفِيَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَمِنْ قَبِيلِ مَا لَا يُخْتَلَفُ فِي تَحْرِيمِهِ لَكِنَّ النُّفُوسَ الشَّهْوَانِيَّةَ غَلَبَتْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى الْخَيْرِ حَتَّى لَقَدْ ظَهَرَتْ مِنْ كَثِيرٍ مِنْهُمْ فِعْلَاتُ الْمَجَانِينِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ حَتَّى رَقَصُوا بِحَرَكَاتٍ مُتَطَابِقَةٍ وَتَقْطِيعَاتٍ مُتَلَاحِقَةٍ وَانْتَهَى التَّوَاقُحُ بِقَوْمٍ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ جَعَلُوهَا مِنْ بَابِ الْقُرَبِ وَصَالِحِ الْأَعْمَالِ وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ يُثْمِرُ سِنِيِّ الْأَحْوَالِ وَهَذَا عَلَى التَّحْقِيقِ مِنْ آثَارِ الزَّنْدَقَةِ وَقَوْلُ أَهْلِ الْمُخَرِّفَةِ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ اه وَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُعْكَسَ مُرَادهم وَيقْرَأسيء عَوَّضَ النُّونَ الْخَفِيفَةَ الْمَكْسُورَةَ بِغَيْرِ هَمْزٍ بِمُثَنَّاةٍ تَحْتَانِيَّة ثَقيلَة مهموزا.
Now we see, the type of songs with instruments we just mentioned above as permitted by Some Sufis , with no doubt , is prohibited.Actually the 'shahawaath' of the body has overpowered even the good people.Some of the Sufis even go to the extent that they move on dancing with special types of body movements and act like small children and insane people and then argue that such actions are intended to get them near to Allah.But such actions are, actually , the signs of atheism and and the views of the people of 'khuraafaath'.May Allah help us.It is inevitable to act and propagate against such things.
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وَأَمَّا الْآلَاتُ فَسَيَأْتِي الْكَلَامُ عَلَى اخْتِلَافِ الْعُلَمَاءِ فِيهَا عِنْدَ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى حَدِيثِ الْمَعَازِفِ فِي كِتَابِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ وَقَدْ حَكَى قَوْمٌ الْإِجْمَاعُ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِهَا وَحَكَى بَعْضُهُمْ عَكْسَهُ وَسَنَذْكُرُ بَيَانَ شُبْهَةِ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَلَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ إِبَاحَةِ الضَّرْبِ بِالدُّفِّ فِي الْعُرْسِ وَنَحْوِهِ إِبَاحَةُ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْآلَاتِ كَالْعُودِ وَنَحْوِهِ كَمَا سَنَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ فِي وَلِيمَةِ الْعُرْسِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.
But as far as Musical instruments are concerned,whether it is permissible or not, in shaa Allah , discussion will come later.Some say that it is permitted and there is consensus among the scholars in this regard.But some schlars go against it.The subject will, in shaa Allah, be discussed later in kithab ul ashribah.
وَأَمَّا الْتِفَافُهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِثَوْبِهِ فَفِيهِ إِعْرَاضٌ عَنْ ذَلِكَ لِكَوْنِ مَقَامِهِ يَقْتَضِي أَنْ يَرْتَفِعَ عَنِ الْإِصْغَاءِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ
The words of Ayisha radiyallahu anhu , ''the Prophet turned his face the other side'', denotes that he didn't listen to the song, as it is not suited to his high status.
لَكِنَّ عَدَمَ إِنْكَارِهِ دَالٌّ عَلَى تَسْوِيغِ مِثْلِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الَّذِي أَقَرَّهُ إِذْ لَا يُقِرُّ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ وَالْأَصْلُ التَّنَزُّهُ عَنِ اللَّعِبِ وَاللَّهْوِ فَيُقْتَصَرُ عَلَى مَا وَرَدَ فِيهِ النَّصُّ وَقْتًا وَكَيْفِيَّةً تَقْلِيلًا لِمُخَالَفَةِ الْأَصْلِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
But the fact that the Prophet didn't prevent the girls from singing,implies that such types of songs are allowed, because he approved it and we know he would not approve Baathwil.But basically, one should prefer to keep away from ''lahwu and la'ibu''.And Allah knows the best.
وَفِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ الْفَوَائِدِ مَشْرُوعِيَّةُ التَّوْسِعَةِ عَلَى الْعِيَالِ فِي أَيَّامِ الْأَعْيَادِ بِأَنْوَاعِ مَا يَحْصُلُ لَهُمْ بَسْطُ النَّفْسِ وَتَرْوِيحُ الْبَدَنِ مِنْ كَلَفِ الْعِبَادَةِ وَأَنَّ الْإِعْرَاضَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْلَى وَفِيهِ أَنَّ إِظْهَارَ السُّرُورِ فِي الْأَعْيَادِ مِنْ شِعَارِ الدِّينِ
From this Hadith , it is to be learnt that,we may show some liberalism on Eid occasions upon our family members in such matters so as to enable them to have happiness, ease of mind and freshness of body.
وَفِيهِ جَوَازُ دُخُولِ الرَّجُلِ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ وَهِيَ عِنْدُ زَوْجِهَا إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عَادَةٌ وَتَأْدِيبُ الْأَبِ بِحَضْرَةِ الزَّوْجِ وَإِنْ تَرَكَهُ الزَّوْجُ إِذِ التَّأْدِيبُ وَظِيفَةُ الْآبَاءِ وَالْعَطْفُ مَشْرُوعٌ مِنَ الْأَزْوَاجِ لِلنِّسَاءِ وَفِيهِ الرِّفْقُ بِالْمَرْأَةِ وَاسْتِجْلَابُ مَوَدَّتِهَا وَأَنَّ مَوَاضِعَ أَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ تُنَزَّهُ عَنْ اللَّهْوِ وَاللَّغْوِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ إِثْمٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمْ وَفِيهِ أَنَّ التِّلْمِيذَ إِذَا رَأَى عِنْدَ شَيْخِهِ مَا يُسْتَكْرَهُ مِثْلُهُ بَادَرَ إِلَى إِنْكَارِهِ وَلَا يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ افْتِئَاتٌ عَلَى شَيْخِهِ بَلْ هُوَ أَدَبٌ مِنْهُ وَرِعَايَةٌ لِحُرْمَتِهِ وَإِجْلَالٌ لِمَنْصِبِهِ وَفِيهِ فَتْوَى التِّلْمِيذِ بِحَضْرَةِ شَيْخِهِ بِمَا يَعْرِفُ مِنْ طَرِيقَتِهِ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ظَنَّ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَامَ فَخَشِيَ أَنْ يَسْتَيْقِظَ فَيَغْضَبَ عَلَى ابْنَتِهِ فَبَادَرَ إِلَى سَدِّ هَذِهِ الذَّرِيعَةِ
Also the Hadiths throws light to the following facts:
1.It is permissible for a father to visit his daughter when she lives with her husband.
2.Father should educate his daughter even in the presence of her husband , though her husband keeps silence.This is because it is the duty and responsibility of a father to educate his daughter; and as far as husband is concerned , it is expected from him to show sympathy and love towards his wife.
3.Kindness towards one's wife and attracting her love.
4.Keeping away from silly recreations and plays by the virtuous people , even if it is not prohibited.
5.The disciple/pupil should come forward to prvent an action which he felt improper, even in the presence of his teacher.And, this is not belittling one's teacher but it is giving due respect and reverence to him.
6.Giving Fathwa by the pupil/disciple in the manner one knows when one sees a seemingly unacceptable thing, even in the presence of the teacher.Here, in this case Aboo Bakar radiyallahu anhu thought that the Prophet swallallahu alyhi wa sallam was sleeping and as he felt his sleep would be disturbed by the song, he warned his daughter Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa.
وَفِي قَوْلِ عَائِشَةَ فِي آخِرِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ غَمَزْتُهُمَا فَخَرَجَتَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهَا مَعَ تَرْخِيصِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ رَاعَتْ خَاطِرَ أَبِيهَا وَخَشِيَتْ غَضَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا فَأَخْرَجَتْهُمَا وَاقْتِنَاعَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ بِالْإِشَارَةِ فِيمَا يَظْهَرُ لِلْحَيَاءِ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ بِحَضْرَةِ مَنْ هُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهَا وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
Now the words of Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa,
''فَلَمَّا غَفَلَ غَمَزْتُهُمَا فَخَرَجَتَا
" When Abu Bakr became inattentive, I signalled to those girls to go out and they left'' denotes thats , though her husband Rasoolullahi swallallahu alyhi wa salam permitted the song to continue,she considered the mind of her father Abo Bakar and feared his anger .
From the words 'I signalled the girls to go' we can see that she didn't utter the words to the girls but only gave signs to go out. This is because she felt shy to talk openly when there are elders to her.
And Allah knows the best.
وَاسْتُدِلَّ بِهِ عَلَى جَوَازِ سَمَاعِ صَوْتِ الْجَارِيَةِ بِالْغِنَاءِ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ مَمْلُوكَةً لِأَنَّهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ سَمَاعَهُ بَلْ أَنْكَرَ إِنْكَارَهُ وَاسْتَمَرَّتَا إِلَى أَنْ أَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِمَا عَائِشَةُ بِالْخُرُوجِ وَلَا يَخْفَى أَنَّ مَحَلَّ الْجَوَازِ مَا إِذَا أُمِنَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ بِذَلِكَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ
In this Hadith, there is proof that it is permitted to hear the songs of girls even they are not 'mamlookah', because Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam did not prevent Aboo Bakar from hearing the songs of girls and instead the Prophet prevented Aboo Bakar's preventing the song.
Also they continued to sing the song till Ayisha radiyallahu anhaa signalled them to go out.But it is permitted only when there is no fear of Fithnah.And Allah knows the best.
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Assalamu a'lykum, my dear brothers and sisters, This is a simple but important venture to learn Fath'hu al Bari of Imam Ibnu Hajar al Asqalani Rahmathulahi A'lyhi ,one of the most important Explanatory Books on Sahih ul Bukhari, which in turn is, the most authentic Book on Hadith Literature.As we all know,Sahih Hadiths are the second Fundamental source of Islam.Though English translations of the Hadiths of Sahih ul Bukhari are available in the internet ,the translations of Fath'hul Bari are not made available yet.Though this is not a word to word translation of the Book,I'm here to state that , by the grace of Allah,serious attempts are being made by me to translate the gist and idea contained in the Hadiths.In places such as linguistic discussions where I thought to avoid translation , or where I found it hard to translate, I have denoted it with symbols ............It will be appreciated , in shaa Allah, if persons who are well-versed in Arabic and Islamic literature , point out any factual errors that might have crept in here.Please feel free to share, copy, download, re-upload and re-post our textual/video posts.
The first ten days of Dul Hijjah are the best days for good deeds,especially, its day times.The first nine days' fasting is Sunnah, especially the ninth day which is the Day of A'rafah.On the day of A'rafah, fasting is Sunnah for those who are not performing the Hajju in that year.A'rafah is the World Muslim Conference and it is the most important part of Hajju.Though there is consensus among the Scholars that the first ten days of Dul Hijjah are the best days for good deeds and it is Sunnah to fast on the A'rafah Day , there is minor differences of opinion whether it is Sunnah to fast on the days of 1 to 8 .In spite of the fact that, some Hadiths reported on the subject of Fasting from 1st day of Dul Hijjah are weak according to some scholars, the prominent and most acceptable view is that it is Sunnah because it is reported in authentic Hadiths that the days are the best for good deeds ;and as we know, good deeds include Fasting.
Now see the proofs from Hadiths:-
رياض الصالحين للإمام النووي
Riyadu sswaliheen
كتاب الفضائل
The Book of Virtues
باب فضل الصوم وغيره في العشر الأوَّل من ذي الحجة
Regarding the virtues of Fasting & other good deeds during the first ten days of Dul Hijjah.
وعن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " ما من أيام العمل الصالح فيها أحب إلى الله من هذه الأيام" يعني أيام العشر، قالوا: يا رسول الله ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله؟ قال: "ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله، إلا رجل خرج بنفسه، وماله فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء" ((رواه البخاري)).
Ibn 'Abbas
May Allah be pleased with themreported:The Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam said, "There are no days during which the righteous action is so pleasing to Allah than these days i.e., the first ten days of Dhul-Hijjah'' He was asked: "O Messenger of Allah, not even Jihad in the Cause of Allah?" He swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam replied, "Not even Jihad in the Cause of Allah, except in case one goes forth with his life and his property and does not return with either of it."
دليل الفالحـــين
Now see the explanation of this Hadith from '' Daleel ul Faliheen''.The Arabic text in full and the gist in English given below.
عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: ما من) مزيدة؛ لاستغراق النفي ( أيام العمل الصالح) مبتدأ ( فيها) ظرف مستقر في محل الوصف أو الحال مما قبله؛ لأنه محلى بأل الجنسية، أو لغو متعلق بالخبر وهو ( أحب إلى الله من العمل الصالح في هذه الأيام) ولا يضر تعدد المتعلق لاختلاف اللفظ ( يعني) أي: النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - بالأيام المشار إليها ( أيام العشر) أي: من ذي الحجة....................................
Here 'ayyaam' means days denotes the first days of Dul Hijjah according to Ibnu Abbas radiyallaahu anhumaa..
( قالوا: يا رسول الله ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله) أي: المفعول في غيرها أفضل من غيره من عمل البر فيها ( قال: ولا الجهاد في سبيل الله) أي: فلا يفوق عمل البر فيها ( إلا رجل) أي: إلا عمل رجل فالاستثناء متصل، والرفع على البدل، وقيل: منقطع أي لكن رجل خرج يخاطر بنفسه وماله فلم يرجع بشيء أفضل من غيره،
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Here the words, ''
إلا رجل خرج بنفسه، وماله فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء
''except in case one goes forth with his life and his property and does not return with either of it'' means that the 'except the good deeds of a person who set out in the cause of Allah and his life was in danger and he lost his property, i.e his good deeds will be rewarded more .
وقال الدماميني: إنما يستقيم هذا على اللغة التميمية، وإلا فالمنقطع عند أهل الحجاز واجب النصب ( خرج يخاطر بنفسه وماله) أي: خرج يقصد قهر عدوه، ولو أدى ذلك إلى قتل نفسه وذهاب ماله ( فلم يرجع من ذلك بشيء) أي: بأن رزقه الله الشهادة،
It means if a person set out for the cause of Allah in Jihad with the intention of conquering the enemy of Islam but he lost his life and property during the process .Such a person will be rewarded more than the person who did good deeds during the day times of the first 10 days of Dul Hijjah.
ولأبي عوانة: إلا من لا يرجع بنفسه، ولا ماله، وله من طريق آخر، إلا أن لا يرجع، وله أيضاً: إلا من عقر جواده وأهريق دمه
In the report of Aboo Awaanah, we see the words.
إلا من لا يرجع بنفسه، ولا ماله
'except a person who didn't return with his life and property'.In another report it is,''
إلا أن لا يرجع
'except the person who didn't return'.In another report of Aboo Awaanah, we see,''
إلا من عقر جواده وأهريق دمه
'Except a person who lost his horse and shed his blood
in the cause of Allah.زاد أبو عوانة في رواية عن ابن عمر "فأكثروا فيهن من التهليل والتكبير، فإن صيام يوم منها يعدل صيام سنة، والعمل فيها بسبعمائة ضعف "
In the Hadith of Ibnu Umar radiyallahu anhu recorded by Ibnu Awaanah , we see
فأكثروا فيهن من التهليل والتكبير، فإن صيام يوم منها يعدل صيام سنة، والعمل فيها بسبعمائة ضعف
'Hence you should increase Thahleel-Saying ''LAA ILAAHA ILLALLAAHU'-and Thakbeer-Saying Allahu Akbar.Ech saum/Fasting on a day of it is equivalent to one year's fasting and the one good deed on those days is equal to its seven hundred times.
وللترمذي عن أبي هريرة "يعدل صيام كل يوم منها بصيام سنة وقيام كل ليلة منها بقيام ليلة القدر
In the Hadith of Aboo Hurairah radiyallahu anhu recorded by Imam Thirmudhi we see,''A day's fasting on those days is equivalent to one year's fasting;and the Qiyaam-night prayer-in one of its night is equivalent to the Qiyaam of Lailathul Qadr.
"قلت" وبهذه الروايات يتخصص حديث: أفضل الصيام بعد شهر رمضان شهر الله المحرم ( رواه البخاري) ورواه أبو داود والترمذي، وقال: حسن صحيح غريب.
وابن ماجه.
Now the author of Daleel ul Faaliheen' quotes the following Hadith in the end.
أفضل الصيام بعد شهر رمضان شهر الله المحرم
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Now we'll see some more Hadiths upon the subject.
Sunanu Nnasa-i 2417
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
باب كَيْفَ يَصُومُ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَذِكْرِ اخْتِلاَفِ النَّاقِلِينَ لِلْخَبَرِ فِي ذَلِكَ
Chapter: How to Fast Three Days of Each Month, And Mentioning The Differences Reported by The Narrators In The Narration Regarding that
أَخْبَرَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، عَنْ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ الصَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ هُنَيْدَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَصُومُ تِسْعًا مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَيَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ أَوَّلَ اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ وَخَمِيسَيْنِ
It was narrated from Hunaidah bin Khalid, from his wife, from one of the wives of the Prophet, that:
the Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam used to fast nine days of Dhul-Hijjah, the day of 'Ashura', and three days of each month: The first Monday of the month, and two Thursdays.
Hadith 2418
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الأَشْجَعِيُّ، - كُوفِيٌّ - عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ قَيْسٍ الْمُلاَئِيِّ، عَنِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ الصَّيَّاحِ، عَنْ هُنَيْدَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ الْخُزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ حَفْصَةَ، قَالَتْ أَرْبَعٌ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَدَعُهُنَّ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم صِيَامَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَالْعَشْرَ وَثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَرَكْعَتَيْنِ قَبْلَ الْغَدَاةِ
It was narrated that Hafsah radiyallaahu a'nhaa said:
"There are four things which Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam never gave up: Fasting 'Ashura', fasting during the ten days, fasting three days of each month, and praying two Rak'ahs before Al-Ghadah -Fajr."
Sunanu Abee Dawood
2437
كتاب الصوم
Book of Fasting
باب فِي صَوْمِ الْعَشْرِ
Chapter: Regarding Fasting The Ten Days
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، عَنِ الْحُرِّ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، عَنْ هُنَيْدَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ، عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ، عَنْ بَعْضِ، أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَتْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصُومُ تِسْعَ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَيَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ أَوَّلَ اثْنَيْنِ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ وَالْخَمِيسَ
Narrated One of the wives of the Prophet:
Hunaydah ibn Khalid narrated from his wife on the authority of one of the wives of the Prophet swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam who said: The Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam used to fast the first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah, Ashura' and three days of every month, that is, the first Monday of the month and Thursday.
Sunanu Ibnu Majah
1729/1801
Kithabu sswiyaam
حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ صَامَ الْعَشْرَ قَطُّ
It was narrated from Aswad that ‘Aishah said:
“I never saw the Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam fasting the
firstten days of Dhul- Hijjah.”As there are authentic Hadiths from the Mothers of Believers,in which Hafssah radiyallahu anhaa ,one of the wives of Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam said that he did never abandon the fasting of the first ten days-except the tenth day- while another wife Aayisha radiyallahu a'nhaa reports that she did never see it from him; there are some minor differences of opinion with regard to whether it is Sunnah to fast the first nine days of Dul Hijjah though there is consensus among them regarding the Sunnah of A'rafa day Fasting as there are so many authentic reports regarding it.
Now we see, what Imam Baihaqi says regarding this in his Fadaa-il ul Ouqaath after quoting the Hadith of Hafsah.
قال البيهقي رحمه الله : بعد ما ذكر حديث حفصة رضي الله عنها " وهذا الحديث أولى مع ما سبق ذكره من الحديث الذي روي عن عائشة أنها قالت ما رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صائما في العشر قط لأن هذا مثبت فهو أولى من النافي . فضائل الأوقات للبيهقي ص
The Hadith of Hafsah radiyallaahu a'nhaa is preferred more than the Hadith of Ayisha radiyallaahu a'nhaa because the former 'musbath-affirmative' and the later is ' naafi-negative/negation'.
Now see the statement Imam Nawawi Rahimahullah in his Maj-moo-u'.
قال النووي رحمه الله : قال العلماء هو متأول على أنها لم تره ولا يلزم منه تركه في نفس الأمر لأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يكون عندها في يوم من تسعة أيام والباقي عند باقي أمهات المؤمنين رضي الله عنهن أو لعله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يصوم بعضه في بعض الأوقات وكله في بعضها ويتركه في بعضها لعارض سفر أو مرض أو غيرهما وبهذا يجمع بين الأحاديث .
المجموع للنووي
Imam Nawawi Rahimahullah said:Scholars said:Though Ayisha Radiyallahu anhaa did not see Nabi swallallaahu a'lyhi wa sallam fasting on those days, we may not come to the conclusion that he did not fast.We see,out of nine days, Nabi swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam might have stayed only one day in Ayisha(R) 's house and the rest of the days in the houses of other wives.Also there is possibility that he might have fasted some days at some occassions and full nine days at some other occassions.Also, sometimes, he might have avoided fasting due to illness, travel or the like.
Also note the extracts from Imam Nawawi's Sharahu Muslim where he confirms that the fasting of the first nine days of Dul Hijja is strong Musthahabbu.
وقال النووي رحمه الله أيضاً : قال العلماء هذا الحديث مما يوهم كراهة صوم العشر والمراد بالعشر هنا الأيام التسعة من أول ذي الحجة قالوا وهذا مما يتأول فليس في صوم هذه التسعة كراهة بل هي مستحبة استحبابا شديدا لاسيما التاسع منها وهو يوم عرفة وقد سبقت الأحاديث في فضله وثبت في صحيح البخاري أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال ما من أيام العمل الصالح فيها أفضل منه في هذه يعنى العشر الأوائل من ذي الحجة فيتأول قولها لم يصم العشر أنه لم يصمه لعارض مرض أو سفر أو غيرهما أو أنها لم تره صائماً فيه ولا يلزم من ذلك عدم صيامه في نفس الأمر ويدل على هذا التأويل حديث هنيدة بن خالد عن امرأته عن بعض أزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قالت كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم تسع ذي الحجة ويوم عاشوراء وثلاثة أيام من كل شهر الاثنين من الشهر والخميس ورواه أبو داود وهذا لفظه وأحمد والنسائي وفي روايتهما وخميسين والله أعلم .
شرح النووي على صحيح مسلم
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Imam Ibnu Qayyim also says the Hadith of Hafsah which is musbath is preferred over the later in this regard.See the extracts from ''Zaad ul Ma'ad fee Hudaa Khyril Ibaad''.
قال ابن القيم رحمه الله : " وأما صيام عشر ذي الحجة فقد اختلف فيه فقالت عائشة ما رأيته صائما في العشر قط ذكره مسلم ، وقالت حفصة أربع لم يكن يدعهن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صيام يوم عاشوراء والعشر وثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وركعتا الفجر ذكره الإمام أحمد رحمه الله وذكر الإمام أحمد عن بعض أزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه كان يصوم تسع ذي الحجة ويصوم عاشوراء وثلاثة أيام من الشهر أو الأثنين من الشهر والخميس وفي لفظ الخميسين والمثبت مقدم على النافي إن صح .
زاد المعاد في هدي خير العباد لابن القيم
Imam Shoukani's view is somewhat similar to that of Imam Nawawi in this regard.Extracts from his 'Nylu ul Awthaar'.He also adds that the fasting of the ninth of Dul Hijjah -the Arafah Day -is confirmed from the Hadith of Aboo Qathadah and it is recorded in Sahih Muslim.
قال الشوكاني رحمه الله : قال العلماء المراد أنه لم يصمها لعارض مرض أو سفر أو غيرهما أو أن عدم رؤيتها له صائما لا يستلزم العدم على أنه قد ثبت من قوله ما يدل على مشروعية صومها كما في حديث الباب فلا يقدح في ذلك عدم الفعل .
نيل الأوطار شرح منتقى الأخبار للشوكاني
.
وقال الشوكاني رحمه الله أيضاً : " وأما صيام تسع من ذي الحجة فلما ثبت عنه صلى الله عليه وسلم من حديث حفصة عند أحمد والنسائى قالت : أربع لم يكن يدعهن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صيام عاشوراء والعشر وثلاثة أيام من كل شهروأخرجه أبو داود بلفظ كان يصوم تسع ذي الحجة ويوم عاشوراء وثلاثة أيام من كل شهر وأول أثنين من الشهر والخميس وقد أخرج مسلم عن عائشة أنها قالت مارأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صائما في العشر قط وفي رواية لم يصم قط " وعدم رؤيتها وعلمها لا يستلزم العدم وآكد التسع يوم عرفة وقد ثبت في صحيح مسلم وغيره من حديث أبي قتادة قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صوم يوم عرفة يكفر سنتين ماضية ومستقبلة وصوم يوم عاشوراء يكفر سنة ماضية
Jami-u Thirmudhi
757
كتاب الصوم عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
The Book on Fasting of Rasoolullahi( pbuh)
باب مَا جَاءَ فِي الْعَمَلِ فِي أَيَّامِ الْعَشْرِ
Chapter: What Has Been Related About Deeds During The Ten Days (Of Dhul-Hijjah)
حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ هُوَ البَطِينُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ العَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ فِيهِنَّ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الأَيَّامِ العَشْرِ» ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا الجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «وَلَا الجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، إِلَّا رَجُلٌ خَرَجَ بِنَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ فَلَمْ يَرْجِعْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ» وَفِي البَابِ عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَجَابِرٍ.: «حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ غَرِيبٌ»
Ibn Abbas narrated that :
The Messenger of Allah swallallahu a'lyhi wa sallam said: There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than those ten days. They said: O Messenger of Allah! Not even Jihad in Allah Cause? The Messenger of Allah said: Not even Jihad in Allah's Cause, unless a man were to out with his self and his wealth and not return from that with anything.
From Thuhfathul Ahvadi
تحفة الاحوذى
قوله ( وهو بن أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْبَطِينُ) بِفَتْحِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ هُوَ لَقَبُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ لُقِّبَ بِذَلِكَ لِعِظَمِ بَطْنِهِ ذَكَرَهُ الْحَافِظُقَوْلُهُ ( مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ) مِنْ زَائِدَةٌ ( الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ فِيهِنَّ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَيَّامِ الْعَشْرِ) أَيِ الْعَشْرِ الْأُوَلِ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ فِي صَحِيحَيْ أَبِي عوانة وبن حِبَّانَ مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أَفْضَلُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ أَيَّامِ عَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ كَذَا فِي الْفَتْحِ قَالَ الطِّيبِيُّ الْعَمَلُ مُبْتَدَأٌ وَفِيهِنَّ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِهِ وَالْخَبَرُ أَحَبُّ وَالْجُمْلَةُ خَبَرُ مَا أَيْ وَاسْمُهَا أَيَّامٍ وَمِنَ الْأُولَى زَائِدَةٌ وَالثَّانِيَةُ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ بِأَفْعَلَ وَفِيهِ حَذْفٌ كَأَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَيْسَ الْعَمَلُ فِي أَيَّامٍ سِوَى الْعَشْرِ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ من العمل في هذه العشر قال بن الْمَلَكِ لِأَنَّهَا أَيَّامُ زِيَارَةِ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ وَالْوَقْتُ إِذَا كَانَ أَفْضَلَ كَانَ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ فِيهِ أَفْضَلَ وَذَكَرَ السَّيِّدُ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي هَذِهِ العشر والعشر الأخير مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرُ أَفْضَلُ لِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ
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وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَشْرُ رَمَضَانَ أَفْضَلُ للصوم والقدر وَالْمُخْتَارُ أَنَّ أَيَّامَ هَذِهِ الْعَشْرِ أَفْضَلُ لِيَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ وَلَيَالِي عَشْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَفْضَلُ لِلَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ لِأَنَّ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ أَفْضَلُ أَيَّامِ السَّنَةِ وَلَيْلَةُ الْقَدْرِ أَفْضَلُ لَيَالِي السَّنَةِ وَلِذَا قَالَ مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ مِنْ لَيَالٍ كَذَا فِي الْأَزْهَارِ وَكَذَا فِي الْمِرْقَاةِ
There are discussions as to which ''ten days' good deeds'' are better?-that of the last ten days of Ramadan or that of the first ten days of Dul Hijjah?Some said the fasting of the last ten days of Ramadan is better.
The preferred view is that , as far as the days( day time) are concerned, the day times of the first ten days of Dul Hijjah are preferred , as it includes the day of A'rafah which is the best day of the year;and as far as nights are concerned the nights of the last ten days of Ramadan are preferred as it includes the Lailath ul Qadr which is the best night of the year.
( وَلَا الْجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ) أَيْ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ( إِلَّا رَجُلٌ) أَيْ إِلَّا جِهَادُ رَجُلٍ ( لَمْ يَرْجِعْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ) أَيْ مِمَّا ذَكَرَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَمَالِهِ ( بِشَيْءٍ) أَيْ صَرَفَ مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَيَكُونُ أَفْضَلَ مِنَ الْعَامِلِ فِي أَيَّامِ الْعَشْرِ أَوْ مُسَاوِيًا لَهُ قَوْلُهُ ( وفي الباب عن بْنِ عُمَرَ) أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ فِي صَحِيحِهِ ( وَأَبِي هريرة) أخرجه الترمذي وبن مَاجَهْ ( وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو) لَمْ أَقِفْ عَلَى مَنْ أَخْرَجَهُ ( وَجَابِرٍ) أَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ وبن حبان في صحيحهما قوله ( حديث بن عَبَّاسٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ غَرِيبٌ صَحِيحٌ) وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وأبو داود وبن ماجه
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Hadith 758
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مَسْعُودُ بْنُ وَاصِلٍ، عَنْ نَهَّاسِ بْنِ قَهْمٍ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللَّهِ أَنْ يُتَعَبَّدَ لَهُ فِيهَا مِنْ عَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ يَعْدِلُ صِيَامُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهَا بِصِيَامِ سَنَةٍ وَقِيَامُ كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْهَا بِقِيَامِ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ إِلاَّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ وَاصِلٍ عَنِ النَّهَّاسِ . قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُ مُحَمَّدًا عَنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ مِثْلَ هَذَا . وَقَالَ قَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مُرْسَلاً شَيْءٌ مِنْ هَذَا . وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فِي نَهَّاسِ بْنِ قَهْمٍ مِنْ قِبَلِ حِفْظِهِ
Abu Hurairah narrated that :
the Prophet said: "There are no days more beloved to Allah that He be worshipped in them than the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah, fasting every day of them is the equivalent of fasting a year, and standing every night of them (in prayer) is the equivalent of standing on the Night of Qadr."
From Thuhfathul Ahvadi
تحفة الاحوذى
قَوْلُهُ ( حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ) اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ نَافِعٍ الْعَبْدِيُّ مَشْهُورٌ بِكُنْيَتِهِ صَدُوقٌ مِنْ صِغَارِ الْعَاشِرَةِ ( أَخْبَرَنَا مَسْعُودُ بْنُ وَاصِلٍ) الْأَزْرَقُ الْبَصْرِيُّ صَاحِبُ السَّابِرِيِّ لَيِّنُ الْحَدِيثِ مِنَ التَّاسِعَةِ ( عَنْ نَهَّاسٍ) بِتَشْدِيدِ الْهَاءِ ثُمَّ مُهْمَلَةٍ ( بْنُ قَهْمٍ) بِفَتْحِ الْقَافِ وَسُكُونِ الْهَاءِ الْبَصْرِيِّ ضَعِيفٌ مِنَ السَّادِسَةِ قَوْلُهُ ( مَا) بِمَعْنَى لَيْسَ ( مِنْ أَيَّامٍ) مِنْ زَائِدَةٌ وَأَيَّامٍ اسْمُهَا ( أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ) بِالنَّصْبِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ خَبَرُهَا وَبِالْفَتْحِ صِفَتُهَا وَخَبَرُهَا ثَابِتَةٌ وَقِيلَ بِالرَّفْعِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ صِفَةُ أَيَّامٍ عَلَى الْمَحَلِّ وَالْفَتْحُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا صِفَتُهَا عَلَى اللَّفْظِ وَقَوْلُهُ ( أَنْ يَتَعَبَّدَ) فِي مَحَلِّ رَفْعٍ بِتَأْوِيلِ الْمَصْدَرِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ فَاعِلُ أَحَبَّ وَقِيلَ التَّقْدِيرُ لِأَنَّ يَتَعَبَّدَ أَيْ يَفْعَلَ الْعِبَادَةَ ( لَهُ) أَيْ لِلَّهِ ( فِيهَا) أَيْ فِي الْأَيَّامِ ( مِنْ عَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ) قَالَ الطِّيبِيُّ قِيلَ لَوْ قِيلَ أَنْ يتعبد مبتدأ وأحب خبره ومن مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَحَبَّ يَلْزَمُ الْفَصْلُ بَيْنَ أَحَبَّ وَمَعْمُولِهِ بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ فَالْوَجْهُ أَنْ يُقْرَأَ أَحَبَّ بِالْفَتْحِ لِيَكُونَ صِفَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَأَنْ يَتَعَبَّدَ فَاعِلُهُ وَمِنْ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بأحب والفصل ليس بأجنبي وَالْفَصْلُ لَيْسَ بِأَجْنَبِيٍّ وَهُوَ كَقَوْلِهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا أَحْسَنَ فِي عَيْنِهِ الْكُحْلُ مِنْ عَيْنِ زَيْدٍ وَخَبَرُ مَا مَحْذُوفٌ أَقُولُ لَوْ جَعَلَ أَحَبَّ خَبَرَ مَا وَأَنْ يَتَعَبَّدَ مُتَعَلِّقًا بِأَحَبَّ بِحَذْفِ الْجَارِّ أَيْ مَا مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ لِأَنْ يَتَعَبَّدَ لَهُ فِيهَا مِنْ عَشْرِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ لَكَانَ أَقْرَبَ لَفْظًا وَمَعْنًى أَمَّا اللَّفْظُ فَظَاهِرٌ.
وَأَمَّا الْمَعْنَى فَلِأَنَّ سَوْقَ الْكَلَامِ لِتَعْظِيمِ الْأَيَّامِ وَالْعِبَادَةُ تَابِعَةٌ لَهَا لَا عَكْسُهُ وَعَلَى مَا ذَهَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْقَائِلُ يَلْزَمُ الْعَكْسُ مَعَ ارْتِكَابِ ذَلِكَ التَّعَسُّفِ ( يَعْدِلُ) بِالْمَعْلُومِ وقيل بالمجهول أي يسوي ( صِيَامُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهَا) أَيْ مَا عَدَا العاشر وقال بن الْمَلَكِ أَيْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ إِلَى يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ ( صِيَامَ سَنَةٍ) أَيْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا عَشْرُ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ كَذَا قِيلَ وَالْمُرَادُ صِيَامُ التَّطَوُّعِ فَلَا يُحْتَاجُ إِلَى أَنْ يُقَالَ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهَا أَيَّامُ رَمَضَانَ قَوْلُهُ ( هَذَا حديث غريب الخ) وأخرجه بن مَاجَهْ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ لِأَنَّ فِي سَنَدِهِ مَسْعُودَ بْنَ وَاصِلٍ وَهُوَ لَيِّنُ الْحَدِيثِ وَفِيهِ نحاس بْنُ قَهْمٍ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ كَمَا عَرَفْتَ